134 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



In Harness. A trotting race in harness means that the 

 performance shall be to a sulky. 



In Line. A term used in attaching pneumatic wheels 

 to the old high wheel sulky. The wheels must be in exact line 

 in order for the best results as to speed, and also for the life of 

 the wheel. If not properly placed in line with the point of 

 draught, they will be slower, the stress upon them will be 

 greater, and their life will be shorter. 



In-line Trotter. A^ horse whose stride is in a straight 

 line, or the print of whose hind foot at speed, is in line with 

 that of his fore foot. It is said that Martha Wilkes goes so 

 near to line that a person standing in front of, or behind her 

 when at speed, only sees one set of legs. Her stride at a 2:09^ 

 gait is eighteen and a half feet. 



Incisors. The twelve front teeth of the horse. There 

 are two dentitions of the incisors, the first, known as the milk 

 or deciduous teeth ; and the second, or permanent teeth, which 

 replace the former at from two and a half to five years of age. 

 They are known as the pincher or front teeth ; the intermediate 

 teeth, and the corner teeth. 



Indications. [Eq-] The principles of horsemanship 

 require that the horse should instantaneously obey the indica- 

 tions of the legs and hands of the rider. 



Individuality. That quality, or distinctive characteris- 

 tic which distinguishes one horse from another ; peculiarity of 

 disposition or make-up. In no animal is this characteristic 

 more positive than in the horse. Indeed it may be said with 

 truth that every horse is different from every other horse ; that 

 in almost no resjDect are they at all alike. In conformation, 

 disposition, gait, ability to acquire knowledge, gift of speed, 

 quickness of perception, readiness to obey the driver's or rider's 

 will, horses are most unlike. This individuality is a matter for 

 the closest study, as it must determine the use of the over-draw 

 or side check ; open or blind bridle ; the sort of weights, boots 

 and bits ; the manner of shoeing, and a score of other details 

 of training and management. Some horses have an abundance 

 of speed for every race, others have only one burst of speed in 

 a mile. Not only do horses differ widely from each other in 

 the matter of gait, but the different feet of the same horse must 

 often be shod with peculiar shoes to meet peculiar conditions. 

 Hence the mastery of individuality is the first business of the 

 trainer, as success can only come from a full understanding of 

 the horse's peculiar characteristics, and the means of utilizing 

 them to the utmost in the best lines of his service to man. 



