138 HAXDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



no development in jogging, and it is wholly a preliminary 

 exercise to bring the muscular organization to the point of sus- 

 tained, determined action. In jogging, the horse is generally 

 attached to a jogging cart, or sulkyette, which is easier for 

 both horse and driver than a sulky. There is more motion to 

 a bike, in jogging, than to a high wheel sulky, but at speed 

 the former rides easier. Eight miles an hour is the usual 

 jogging gait. 



Jowl-piece; Jowl-wrap. A sweat bandage about 

 four feet long, one foot wide at one end, tapering to six inches 

 at the other end, for binding around the throat and neck. 



For sweating out llie tliroat, or for any purpose that a liood answers, I 

 prefer a jowl-piece. The use of heavy sweat-hoods is, I am sure, 

 often wealveninu and injurious, and, if used at all, it should be 

 with great discrimination and care. — Training the Trotting Horse, 

 Charles Marvin. 



Judg'es. Every race is mider the management of three 

 judges, one of whem may be the starter, or a starter may be 

 chosen, in addition to the judges. The judges may act as 

 timers, or timers may be a^ppointed, independent of the judges. 

 Judges must be in the stand fifteen minutes before the time 

 for the starting of every race, and they have absolute control 

 over all horses, drivers, riders and assistants during a race, 

 with authority to appoint assistants, remove or put up drivers 

 or riders, and to fine, suspend or expel whosoever fails to obey 

 their orders or the trotting rules. The functions of the judges 

 cease when they have placed the horses in a race, announced 

 the time — subject to objections that have not been decided — 

 and affixed their signatures to the clerk's record of the race, 

 which must be done before leaving the stand. 



Judg-ing Pace. A trick of the rider or driver, by 

 means of which he knows at just what pace his own horse is 

 going, compared to that of his opponents ; and by which he is 

 able to regulate his speed so that he may have the best possi- 

 ble chance of getting home successfully, and selecting the 

 exact point from which he ought to make his closing effort at 

 the finish. 



Jump. The act, on the part of a horse, of taking or 

 clearing a fence, ditch, hedge, hurdle or other obstruction. 

 "Throw your heart over the fence," says the maxim, "and the 

 horse will follow if he can." It is said that horses can jump 

 walls and timber highest and safest when they are just well 

 into a canter, or when they have had a trot of twenty yards, 

 before approaching a fence, to give them a chance to see some- 

 thing of the kind of obstacle they are to get over, and have 

 got into their second or third stride of a canter. But the 



