HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 167 



replace the temporary molars, are known as pre-molars, and 

 the last three as post-molars. The permanent molars have the 

 shape of quadrangular prisms flattened from side to side, with 

 the exception of the first and sixth, which are triangular. 



Mongrel. A mixed breed ; an individual of a breed, or 

 a breed of animals resulting from repeated crossings, or mix- 

 tures of several different varieties; the progeny of artificial 

 varieties, as distinguished from those which are a cross between 

 two different species. 



The greater variability in mongrels than in hybrids does not seem at 

 all surprising. For the parents of mongrels are varieties, and 

 mostly domestic varieties, and this implies that there has been 

 recent variability, which wonld often continue and be added to 

 that arising from the act of crossing, — The Origin of Species, 

 Charles Darwin. 



Monkey. [Eng.] Five hundred pounds. The cry not 

 unfrequently heard in the ring, of " the field a monkey," means 

 that the layer is willing to bet £500 even, against one horse in 

 the race. 



Morg"an. A New England family of trotters of great 

 excellence. Founded by a horse foaled in Springfield, Mass., 

 in 1793, and purchased when two years old by Justin Morgan 

 of Randolph, Vt. after whom the horse, and the family he 

 founded, were named. He was said to be by True Briton, by 

 Lloyd's Traveller, by imported Traveller; and out of a mare 

 of Wildair blood, (Wildair, a horse of the very highest excel- 

 lence imported into this country from England and subse- 

 quently purchased at a high price and carried back to that 

 country.) Other accounts represent the dam of Justin Morgan 

 as having been a descendant of the Lindsey Arabian, a famous 

 horse which stood in Connecticut and subsequently in Mary- 

 land. Justin Morgan became famous as a sire of splendid 

 driving animals, the branches of his family being the Black 

 Hawk, old Vermont Black Hawk, the grandson of Justin Mor- 

 gan, and the sire of Ethan Allen — the first stallion to beat 

 2:30, taking a record of 2:28 as early as 1858; the Lambert, 

 founded by Daniel Lambert, a horse ranking little inferior as 

 a producer of speed to any sire in recent times; the Fear- 

 naught, a family founded by a son of Young Morrill, by Old 

 Morrill, and through the Jennison horse a son of Young Bul- 

 rush Morgan, by Bulrush to the fountain head, Justin Morgan; 

 the Golddust, the founder of this branch being by Vermont 

 Morgan, by Barnard Morgan, by Gifford Morgan, by Wood- 

 bury Morgan a son of Justin Morgan; the Knox, founded by 

 Gen. Knox, a son of Vermont Hero, by Sherman Black Hawk, 

 by Vermont Black Hawk. *• The popularity of the Morgan 



