190 HAIs^DBOOK OP THE TURF. 



Piaffer. [Eq.] A passage without gaining ground. 

 A French term meaning the graceful position of the body of 

 the horse and the harmonious precision of movement of tlie 

 legs and feet. The most brilliant kind of piaffer is when the 

 movement is slow, lofty, in true cadence and with a well- 

 marked pause as each leg is raised to its highest point. 



Picking" Up, is the short for a driver's expression of 

 "picking a horse up and setting him down in front;" which 

 means the act of pulling the horse together; rallying him for 

 a great effort ; going to the lead. 



Pig-eon Toed. A defective conformation whereby the 

 feet point inwardly. Where the defect is such as to impede 

 the horse in his work, but not otherwise, he is unsound. 



Pigskin, The. A jockey's saddle. 



Pincliers. The two front incisors of the upper and 

 lower jaw of the first, and also of the permanent dentition, are 

 called the "pinchers" or "pincher teeth." 



Pink-eye. A contagious influenza of horses; a febrile 

 disease closely allied to scarlet fever in man, so named from 

 the pink color of the conjunctiva, (the mucus membrane which 

 lines the inner surface of the eyelids.) Until cured, an 

 unsoundness. 



Pipe-opener. A brisk exercise given the horse for the 

 purpose of starting up his wind ; to open him out at a corking 

 brush for the benefit of his breathing ; to clear out his pipes. 

 Mr. Marvin says of his training of Sunol: "We trained her 

 as usual, driving no more miles, but speeding fast quarters, 

 with an occasional pipe-opener at a half." 



Place. The word place in racing means first, second or 

 third. When a horse is decided by the judges to be first, 

 second or third in a race he is said to be "placed," or gets a 

 place; but in the betting a horse must "to win" be first; "for 

 the place" be second or better; and "to show" be third. 

 Horses are placed in the race in the position in which they 

 passed the judges in the deciding heat. A horse not placed in 

 a deciding heat has no place in the race, nor is he entitled to 

 any portion of the prize or purse ; provided there is no third 

 money, in which case the third horse in the race of heats is not 

 to be deprived of third money if ruled out for not winning a 

 heat in two, three or more heats, as the case may be. 



Placing Horses. In placing or ranking horses other 

 than the winner in a race, the trotting rules require that those 

 that have won two heats shall be regarded as better than those 

 winning one; a horse that has won a heat is better than a 



