212 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



have the simplest and least variegated colors ; the newer ones 

 the most complex. Among the former are the blue jacket 

 with orange sleeves and blue cap ; and the blue jacket, orange 

 sleeves and orange cap. In some, stripes of color run in rings 

 around the body of the jacket, or around the sleeves, or the 

 cap; in others the colors are in vertical or diagonal lines. 

 There are over two thousand running stables in the United 

 States, the riders of no two being rigged in precisely the same 

 colors or combination of colors. 



Rim. The felloe of a sulky wheel, of wood or steel, 

 which forms the support of the tire, and into which the spokes 

 are inserted. Hickory is the wood most used for this purpose ; 

 and when the rim is made of steel, for holding the pneumatic 

 tire, it is rolled cold, united with a brazed joint. 



Ring-bone. Bony growths which usually begin as 

 inflammation of the membrane covering the bones at such 

 points in the structure as give attachment to ligaments, viz: 

 on one or both pastern bones, and which sometimes extend to 

 the interphalangeal joints. In cases where the flexibility of 

 the cartilage is altered or lost, it is an unsoundness ; but where 

 it is only in front of the pastern bone, and not in the way of 

 any joint, or approaching the heels, it is a blemish. 



Ringer. A horse that has been painted or disguised to 

 represent another or different horse, with the intent to have 

 him concealed in identity, in order that he may be taken in 

 different circuits and entered in a class slower than that in 

 which he belongs, and thus win races and obtain purses in a 

 fraudulent manner. Consular rules have been adopted by 

 England and Germany prohibiting the importation of horses 

 from this country, for racing purposes, unless the owner lodges 

 with the secretary of the track a certificate of identity, pedi- 

 gree and record, from the secretary of the National Trotting 

 Association of the United States. All turf rules have severe 

 punishment for a horse that is a ringer, and many of the 

 states have enacted laws making the operations of a ringer a 

 crime punishable by imprisonment of its owner, agent or 

 driver. See Law. 



The man who starts out with a ringer, starts out to steal. — Spirit of the 

 Hub. 



Roach or High-back, the reverse of low-back, or 

 saddle back, is held to be a blemish. 



Road Cart. A jogging cart ; a sulkyette ; a half-sulky 

 for road purposes. Built somewhat heavier than a speed 

 sulky, weighing from seventy-five to eighty pounds, having a 

 low foot-rest, and dasher for protection of the legs from mud 

 and dirt. 



