HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 226 



who wish to become trainers, riders and drivers of speed 

 horses. The scheme of instruction at sucii a school has been 

 formulated to embrace the following : The theory of breeding 

 on scientific principles ; history of the race and trotting horse ; 

 the sources from which speed has been derived ; characteristics 

 of the different types and families ; results of crossing strains, 

 of inbreeding and outcrossing as demonstrated by perform- 

 ances ; the handling, feeding and care of colts ; preparation of 

 colts to show their greatest flights of speed without injury to 

 themselves or to their development ; expedients and appliances 

 necessary for colts of different conformation and disposition ; 

 the management of horses before, during and after a race ; the 

 driving and riding of horses in a race; the proper judgment of 

 pace or gait and how to place the horse in a race so as to give 

 him the best chance to bring out his power of speed ; study of 

 the rules of racing ; propriety of deportment on the turf. 



Schooling'. The art of teaching a horse ; training, edu- 

 cating and developing the trotter, chaser, jumper and racer; a 

 horse in training is said to be '' at school." 



Score ; Scoring. A mark or line ; the act of bringing 

 a field of horses to the score or starting point, in order for 

 them to make a fair start in a heat or race ; getting in position 

 and coming down to the judges' stand for the word. The trot- 

 ting rules provide that any horse in scoring, which unneces- 

 sarily delays the race, may, after notice to the driver, be 

 started regardless of his position or gait. Xo field is ever 

 sent away when any of the horses are running under the wire. 

 One of the contending horses, usually the pole horse, is selected 

 by which to score or govern the other horses ; and no driver 

 must come down for the word in advance of the governing or 

 pole horse, nor can any driver hold back from the governing 

 or pole horse, without the infliction of severe penalties. 



In many years of exi^erience we have never seen one of these "incoTi- 

 troUable" horses that conkl not he taken hack when an adequate 

 fine was imposed on the driver for improper scoring. — Wallace's 

 Monthly. 



There is a great differance in the behavior of the different horses in 

 scoring. Some pull and tug on the hit, despite the signal to return, 

 carrying their drivers down to tlie first turn in the track before 

 they can be stopped; whereas others, old campaigners as a rule, 

 will slacken at once when they hear the bell, stop, and turn around 

 of their own accord.— Iload, Track, and Stable, H. C. Merwin. 



Ahorse scoring two hundred ami twenty yards at each score, in scor- 

 ing two times trots one-fourth of a mile; four times, one-half mile; 

 six times, three-fourtlis of a mile; eiglit times, one mile; ten times, 

 one and ojie-fourth miles; twelve times, one and one-half miles; 

 fourteen times, one and tliree-fourths mile; sixteen times, two 

 miles. The pole horse trots thiee feet from the pole. Allowing 

 three feet more to his outer wheel, one foot between liis outer wheel 

 and the inner wheel of the second horse, then three feet to the 

 horse, makes seven feet between the pole and second horse, and so 



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