232 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



you going to know whether he stops from physical causes or from 

 true quitting.— Training the Trotting Horse, Cliarles Marvin. 



Sliovilder. The withers form the upper boundary of 



the shoulder. The rear border of the shoulder may be taken 



from behind the swell of the muscle which is just below the 



withers to the elbow. 



It is one of the most indispensable conformations in a race horse or 

 jumper to have an oblique shoulder. No straight shouldered horse 

 could be a successful racer or steeple chaser. A straight shoulder 

 means a short stride, and racers with short strides are distanced 

 and get run off the turf ,— Tlie Bridle Bits, Col. J. C. Battersby. 



Shuffling". A word which most appropriately describes 

 any gait which is dull, awkward, inelegant ; the motion of a 

 lazy, used-up, worthless horse. 



Shut Out. Left behind the distance flag. 



Shut Up. A horse which fails to respond to rider or 

 driver, or which refuses his jumps, is said to " shut up." 



Shying". A dangerous and disagreeable characteristic in 

 a horse. Often a horse sliys at naught, in which case he is 

 governed by illusion of sight ; it is frequently due to near- 

 sightedness ; to a bad-fitting bridle, or other cause that may 

 be remedied. Where it results from nervousness it is a vice ; 

 but if it results from disease in the eye, it is an unsoundness. 



Side Check. The check-rein in ordinary use. 



Side-pulling. A very disagreeable habit, due in many 

 cases to the presence of painful wolf -teeth ; or, in colts before 

 they have a full mouth, to sore and swollen gums on one side 

 of the lower jaw, between the incisors and molars ; often due 

 to the sharp edges of the gTinders coming in contact with the 

 cheek. In some instances it is due to the use of too long a 

 bit, in which case the bit may need side-washers of leather or 

 chamois skin of several degrees of thickness to prevent the bit 

 from pulling through the mouth. 



Side-reiner. Said of a horse that is a side-puller ; he 

 "side-reins," or drives on one rein. 



Side-weights. Often attached to the outside of the 

 hind hoofs to obviate defective or narrow hind action. The 

 side-weight is frequently combined in the shoe, the outside bar 

 of which is much heavier than that of the inside. 



Side-wheeler. A pacing or racking horse. See Pac- 

 ing and Single-footing. 



Sight. Any disease which causes obscurity or dimness 

 of sight, and prevents a horse from seeing common objects, 

 renders him unsound. 



Sinew. Any cord or tendon of the physical structure. 



