HAN^DBOOK OF THE TURF. 237 



ior mares, that the animal known In England and in India as an 

 Arab, is bred. The Bedouins call these half-breds "the sons of 

 horses," and they look npon them as mongrels, or "kadishes." — 

 Road, Ti-aek and Stable, II. C. Merwin. 



Sore. Until cured, sores are a cause of unsoundness. 



Sound; Soundness. Free from defect or injurj\ A 

 horse is sound when he is free from liereditary disease, is in the 

 possession of his natural and constitutional health, and possesses 

 no alteration of structure in any part which impairs, or is 

 likely to impair, his natural usefulness. 



Soundness. [Law.] A horse is defined to be sound 

 when he is free from hereditary disease, is in the possession of 

 his natural and constitutional health, and as much of his bodily 

 perfection as is consistent with his natural formation. 



The word "sound" means sound; and the only qualification of which 

 it is susceptible arises from the purpose for which the warranty is 

 given. If, for instance, a liorse is purcliased to be used in a given 

 way, the word "sound" means that the animal is useful for that 

 purpose; and "unsound" means that he, at the time, is affected 

 with something which will have the effect of impeding that use. 

 The word "sound" does not mean perfect, but means just what it 

 expresses, viz.: That the animal is sound and free from disease at 

 the time he is warranted. 



The rule of unsoundness is, that if, at the time of the sale, the horse 

 has any disease which actually does diminish the natural useful- 

 ness of the animal, so as to make him less capable of Avork of any 

 description, or which in its ordinary progress will diminish the 

 natural usefiilness of the animal; or if the horse has, either from 

 disease or accident undergone any alteration of stnicture, that 

 either does at the time, or in its ordinary effects will diminish the 

 natural usefulness of the horse, such horse is unsound. 



Soup. A term used to denote any drug, mixture or 



lotion administered to a horse by means of an injecting needle, 



for the purpose of affecting his speed or spirit, either one way 



or another. 



The danger of doping a horse was again illustrated lately at Gloucester, 

 Avhen Gray Forest, who had been given the needle, ran away about 

 two miles and had to be withdrawn. Oreaon, who had a" liberal 

 quantity of the soup, was caught Tuesday about a mile from Glouc- 

 ester, after he had run away.— The Horseinan. 



Spanner. A small pocket wTench for clasping and turn- 

 ing a screw coupling. Made with a projecting end or claw to 

 fit into a hole in the cone or coupling in order to give it a hold 

 or purchase. Used for adjusting the axle cone of a pneumatic 

 sulky W'heel. 



Spanish Walk ; Spanish Trot. High stepping paces 

 of the horse. When each fore leg is advanced in its turn 

 it is poised for a moment and left more or less straight out, 

 and about as high as the elbow, before it is placed upon the 

 ground. 



Spavin. Inflammation and ulceration of the small flat 

 bones in the lower and inner part of the hock joint, often 



