238 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



involving those of the outer side as well. Blood spavin — a 



dilation of the vein which runs over the seats of the bog and 



bone spavins. Bog spavin — An excessive secretion of joint-oil, 



from over exertion, into the cavity of the joint, producing a 



swelling. Bone spavin — A bony swelling which may be more 



to the front, or more backward on the inner side of the hock, 



or it may even show mainly on the outer side ; w^hile in bad 



cases it may extend up to the true hock-joint and even prevent 



its movement. In some cases these are known as high and 



external spavins according to location. 



Spavin. Inflammation and ulceration of the small flat 



termed enlargement on the seat of spavin, the disease being 



determined, and not likely to increase, if the horse goes sound 



he is sound, in common sense. But the courts having decided 



both ways it is best, as in case of curb and other diseases, to 



except spavin in the warranty. See Curb. 



Blood, bog and bone spavin are unsoundness. Bone spavin is not a 

 curable disease.— The Law of Horses, M.D. Hanover. 



Speech. [Eng.] Private information on a horse, and 

 what he can do in a race, used in such phrases as "get the 

 speech ;" " give the speech." 



Speed. Speed may be defined as comparative rapidity, 

 whether fast or sIoav ; the rate of motion ; haste in progression ; 

 to advance towards a goal. Interesting tables compiled from 

 accurate sources are given. The evolution of the fast individ- 

 ual trotter is thus shown by the records — 



In 1806, Yankee, trotted in, 2 :50 ; one mile. 



" 1810, tlie Boston horse, 2:48V2; " " 



" 1834, Edwin Forest, (under saddle), 2:311/2; " " 



•' 1844, Ladv Suffolk, (under saddle). 2:26V2; " " 



" 1859, Flora Temple, 2:1934; " " 



" 1867, Dexter, 2:i:i4; " " 



" 1S79. St. Julien, -2:123/4; " " 



" 1885, MaudS., 2:083^; " 



" 1893, Directum, 2:05V4; " " 



The table of aA^erage extreme speed from 1820 to 1890, in 

 the United States, is thus given ; the distance being one mile : 



1820 to 1830, 2:42 



1830 to 1840, 2:3514 



1840 to 1850, 2:281/2 



1850 to 1860, 2:25 



1860 to 1870, . 2:1834 



1870 to 1880, 2 :14 



1880 to 1890, 2:101/4 



A horse in trotting a mile in three minutes, covers a dis- 

 tance of 29 ft. 3 in. and 15-16 of an inch in one second of time ; 

 at a 2:30 gait, 35 ft. 2 in. and 4-16 of an inch is covered in 

 every second; at a 2:20 gait, 37 ft. 9 in. and 1-16 of an inch 

 is covered; at a 2:10 gait, 40 ft. 7 in. and 8-16 of an inch is 



