HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 255 



matic sulky is from thirty-eight to fifty-three pounds; the 

 weight of a chaiiged-over sulky from fifty-five to fifty-eight 

 pounds. There is, however, another advantage in the less 

 liability of accident on the track with the bike sulky. The 

 air cushion absorbs the jar, and the driver's seat is so far above 

 the wheel that he hears less of the vibration hence he can 

 drive better having his mind more completely upon his work. 

 There is also less risk of accidents occasioned by wheels lock- 

 ing, hub punching and spoke splitting. The low wheels are 

 guarded upon the outside by the forks, thus reducing the 

 possibility of accident to the mininmm. 



The exact influence of tlie bicycle snlky in bringing about the reduc- 

 tion of tlie pacinfT and tvotlinK records lias not yet been, and 

 probably never will be, properly deterniined. That it lias had some 

 influence no one will deny ; but that it has accelerated the speed of 

 the lecord-breakers by four or five seconds is not witliin the bounds 

 of reason. * * * If any large concessit)n must be made to holders 

 of records to the old-style sulky, Johnston nuist be considered the 

 kinj>-piu pacer of tlie annals of the American turf, and Maud S. 

 the Irottiiiii- queen. The bicycle sulky does its most perfect work 

 on this, (Fleetwood), track of winding turns, sharp ant>les witli 

 ascending and descending grades and makes it take rank with tlie 

 average regulation mile course.— The Horseman, December 7, 1893. 



Sulky Case. A case made of canvas for the purpose of 

 protecting a sulky when being transported on campaigns. A 

 set consists of three pieces, one for each wheel, and one for the 

 gear, each in the shape of sacks fitted to the parts they are to 

 receiA^e, buckled tightly, thus protecting them from dust and 

 also from being marred. 



Sulkyette. A close-hitch speeding cart ; a combination 

 road cart and jogging sulky, adapted for track work and run- 

 about business. 



Summary. A summary of a race should give the place 

 and track upon which it took place; the date; the purse for 

 which it was made ; the conditions as to harness, wagon or 

 saddle ; the ntimber of heats ; the names, color and sex of the 

 horses competing ; the name of the sire of the horse, (and the 

 dam if she is a winner of one or more heats) ; names of owners 

 and drivers; positions of the horses, and time made. The 

 names of pacers should be in italics. An entire horse should 

 be entered as a horse, not as a stallion ; and described in the 

 summary as "b. h." The letters "b. s." should not be used. 



Summary Against Time. Where a horse is started 

 to beat his record it is called trotting against time. When the 

 summary is published, if the horse lowers his record, his name 

 and time are given first; if he does not beat his record they 

 are given last. Thus : 



