260 HAKDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



second the tusks, and in the third the molars or grinders. 

 The first are used to grasp and cut the food ; the second to 

 separate it, and the third to still finer reduce or crush it. On 

 each side, directly behind the incisors, is a section of the jaw 

 in which are no teeth, known in the lower jaw, as the bar of 

 the jaw or mouth ; while back of this are the molar teeth. In 

 the adult animal there are in each jaw six incisors, two tush 

 teeth and twelve molars, making a total of forty teeth for the 

 horse. The tush teeth are generally absent in the mare, her 

 total number being thirty-six. These tush teeth do not exist 

 in the young animal, but in the place where they will appear 

 when the horse becomes older, are sometimes found rudimentary 

 teeth with no well-defined shape. Occasionally in both the 

 young and adult animal, occur rudimentary premolar teeth 

 called wolf teeth, which are four in number, two in each jaw, 

 making the total number in such cases, forty-four. See Age 

 OF THE Horse. 



These little rudiments of teeth are, when properly understood, of great 

 interest. Tiieir diminutive size, irregular form and inconstant 

 presence, combined with their history in the extinct horse-like 

 " animals, show them to be teeth which, for some reason to us at 

 present unknown, have become superfluous, have been very grad- 

 ually and slowly dispensed with, and are in the stage to which the 

 horse h:is now arrived in its evolution, u])on the point of disappear- 

 ance. The presence of these so-called wolves' teeth alone is sufB.- 

 cient, if we had no other proof , to show that the horse is not an 

 isolated creation, but one link in a great chain of^organic beings.— 

 The Horse, William Henry Flower, C. B. 



The natural division of the two periods of age, as indicated by the tem- 

 porary and the permanent teeth, is subdivided as follows : 1, The 

 period of eruption of the incisors or the first dentition ; 2, the level- 

 ing of these teeth and their progressive use; 3, the period of the 

 falling out of the deciduous teeth and the appearance of the per- 

 manent ones ; 4, the leveling of these latter; 5, the successive forms 

 which their tables present as the teeth become worn away. * * * 

 A thoroughbred with dense bones and hard teeth will wear the lat- 

 ter away nmch more slowly than a coarse-boned, lymphatic, com- 

 mon horse with softer substances in the teeth. The character of 

 food to which a colt has been accustomed will stimulate or dimin- 

 ish the functional activity of the tooth, and, Avhile hard substances 

 would naturally wear a tooth faster than softer food, yet the ani- 

 mal whicli has been raised on the former will often have harder 

 teeth than one which has not had to use them so severely.— Age of 

 the Domestic Animals, Rush Shippen Huidekoper, M. D. 



Temples. Those portions of the head, on each side of 

 the forehead, between the ear and eye. 



Ten Broeck. King of the running turf. Foaled on 

 the farm of John Harper, Midway, Ky., in 1872. By imported 

 Phaeton ; dam, Fanny Hulton, by Lexington. He was a most 

 unpromising colt, and at two years of age was a sickly looking 

 animal one would hardly have taken as a gift. But at four 

 years of age he had developed into a remarkable animal. In 

 that year, September 16, 1876, carrying 104 pounds he lowered 



