268 HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 



reduces the record for a certain age, or way of going, below 

 where it has stood, is to break or cut the record. 



To Draw Rein. To stop ; to pull up. 



To Give Kein. To let a horse have his head; to let 

 him out at speed. 



To Harness. A race announced to be trotted to harness, 

 means that it is to take place to a sulky. 



To Horse. A term meaning that one is mounted ; that 

 the person is on horseback. 



To Lay Over. To surpass; to excel; to have more 

 speed ; to lay over him in a race, means that one has a faster 

 horse than his opponent. 



To Make the Running. To make the pace at the 

 beginning of a race by causing a second-class horse to set off 

 at high speed, with a visw of giving a better chance to a stay- 

 ing horse. 



To Rein Up. To bring the horse to a halt ; to stop. 



To Ride tlie G-reat Horse. An historic phrase used in 

 old times in England, signifying to practice horsemanship in 

 the fashion of the day. 



To Ride to Hounds. To take part in a fox-hunt ; to 

 follow the ciiase. 



To Take Up the Running-, is to go off at full speed 

 from a slower pace ; to take the lead in a race. 



To Wagon. A race announced to be trotted to wagon, 

 means to a four-wheeled track skeleton. 



Toe. The front part of the foot, or shoe. 



Toe-out ; Toe-in. Horses that are pigeon toed or splay- 

 footed generally toe-out or toe-in. Such are structural defects 

 and in most cases are beyond the scope of farriery to remedy. 



Toe-"weig"hts. Small metal knobs screwed or otherwise 



attached to the hoofs of the horse's feet. There are various 



patterns, among them: Miles' adjustable stick-fast, toe and 



side; Fenton's security; Chicago welded spur weight, resting 



on a spur welded to the front of the shoe and projecting up in 



front of the toe of the hoof ; side weights ; j\litchell weight ; 



Dot side weight, leather, lead filled; Duplex side weight; 



Pocket weight, made of leather and filled with sheet lead 



admitting of changes in weight; Clark's eclipse, toe and side; 



Boss toe and side, 2, 3, 4 and 6 ounces, attached to the boot or 



scalper; Boston, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 ounces. 



The necessity for toe-weights or heavy slioes lies in some defect of con- 

 formation or of gait, and wlien a trotter is obliged to carry a heavy 



