HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 277 



The uniformity with Avhicli the trotting-bred trotter trots, and trots 

 fust, shows how completely the intelligent and scientitic breeding 

 of the past ten or twenty years has tended to eliminate elements of 

 uncertainty and to establish a breed wliich is attracting ])urc'hasers 

 from every country of the known world for our trotters.— The 

 Horseman. 



Trotters. There were in the United States, to the close 

 of the year 18,93, about ten thousand trotters in the 2:80 list; 

 one thousand and eight in the 2:20 class ; one hundred and 

 eighty with records of 2:15 or better; six with records of 2:08 

 or better, and one with a record of 2:04. 



Trottiiig'-bred. A term meaning that the horse so 

 bred has a trotting inheritance, not a running inheritance. It 

 is a specific, definite term, easily understood, legitimate^ 

 expressive and appropriate. 



Trotting' Equilibrium. A perfectly balanced action ; 

 the smooth, even gait of the horse when in rapid motion. 



Trotting Families. There are six well defined, repre- 

 sentative families of American trotters, viz : 1, Hambletonian ; 

 2, Mambrino ; 3, Clay ; 4, Morgan ; 5, Bashaw ; 6, Pilot. 

 Hambletonian was by Abdallah by INIambrino by imported 

 Messenger. Mambrino, the greatest son of Messenger, was the 

 founder of two of the noblest trotting families in all history, 

 Mambrino Chief and Hambletonian, the latter standing at the 

 head as the greatest of all trotting prgenitors. Henry Clay 

 was by Andrew Jackson, by a son of an imported Barb. 

 Justin Morgan was said to have been a son of True Briton, by 

 a thoroughbred. Traveller. The Bashaw family is closely 

 related to the Clays, having had a common ancestry in Young 

 Bashaw, the sire of Andrew Jackson. The originator of the 

 Pilot family was a famous black pacing horse. Pilot, from 

 Canada, of unknown blood, a horse having great power to 

 produce trotters out of running mares. From these sources 

 have come a large number of sub-families — some of which are 

 very famous and almost entitled to the distinction of being 

 called families — which have become widely dispersed, each 

 embracing many celebrated individuals. From the first we 

 have the Volunteers, Abdallahs, Almonts, Messenger Durocs, 

 Happy Hediums, Electioneers, Wilkeses and Dictators. From 

 the second have came the Woodford Mambrinos, Clark Chiefs 

 and Mambrino Patchens. From the third we have the George 

 M. Patchens, Moors, Sultans and Cassius INl. Clays. From the 

 fourth we have the Lamberts, jNIorrills, Fearnaughts, Ethan 

 Aliens, Knoxes and Golddusts. From the fifth have descended 

 the Long Island Black Hawks, Andrew Jacksons, IMohawks, 

 and Greens Bashaws. From the last we have the well known 

 families of pacing origin — the Copperbottoms, Royal Georges, 



