HANDBOOK OF THE TURF. 295 



ball or roller bearings are inclosed in recesses or cones in each 

 end of the hub, and adjusted by means of a spanner wrench, 

 these cones being dust and water proof; the pneumatic tire 

 being fitted securely to the rim. 



Whims of the horse are bad or vicious habits; faults. 

 They are : Lolling the tongue, doubling it up, or constantly 

 protruding it from the mouth ; striking the lower lip against 

 the upper one ; rubbing the lower extremity of the head 

 against the manger ; rubbing the tail against surrounding 

 objects ; shaking the head up and down, or jerking the reins, 

 when being driven ; grasping the branches of the bit with the 

 lower lip; tearing the blanket w'ith the teeth; resting one 

 hind foot upon the other ; lying down cow-fashion ; stripping 

 the halter ; pawing in the stable. 



Wliip. A name applied to a noted driver or reinsman ; 

 as " Mr. Thayer was a great whip in his day." 



Whip. A light hand implement used in driving, riding, 

 correcting or educating horses. The trotting rules prescribe 

 the following lengths to be used in races : For saddle horses, 

 2 ft. 10 in. ; sulkies, 4 ft. 8 in.; wagons, 5 ft. 10 in. ; double 

 teams, 8 ft. 6 in. ; tandems and four-in-hands, unlimited. A 

 snapper not longer than three inches is allowed in addition to 

 the above mentioned lengths. The running rules limit the 

 weight of a whip at one pound, but do not regulate its length. 



The whip and spur, injudiciously used, have lost many races.— How to 

 Train the Race-liorse, Lieut. Col. Warburton. 



The wliip is to be Icept very mucli in tlie background while you are cul- 

 tivating confidence in your liorse. It is more likely to prove an 

 obstacle than an aid. — The Trotting Horse of America, Hiram 

 Woodruff. 



The whip should never be picked up before the last thirty or forty 

 yards, nor should moi-e than two or three cuts be given. When a 

 jockey begins to tlog two or three hundred yards from home, we 

 need not be surprised at seeing his horse, after answering the call 

 for ten or a dozen strides, go slower and slower as he nears the 

 judge's box. Daring a race, hold the whip with the lash down, and 

 the jockey should strike his horse nowhere except just behind the 

 girth. 



Whip-hand. [Eq.] The right hand. 



Whip-spur. A spur attached to the thumb-button on 

 the stock of a sulky whip, to be used in urging the horse, if 

 necessary, at the finish of a race. It is adjustable and may be 

 removed should the driver desire. 



Whip Training. The method of some horse trainers 

 of driving a horse without bit, line or reins, simply by the 

 motions of the whip. It illustrates the beauty and simplicity 

 of man's power over this magnificent animal, and the high 

 degree of intelligence which he possesses. The method is 

 acquired by the horse in from f oui* to six weeks' practice. 



