Book IL] HORSE-BREAD. 121 



this present statute, and to cess such fines and make like 

 process thereon as they commonly do upon presentments of 

 trespass against the peace etc." 



In 1624, by the Act 21 James I. the preceding laws were 

 repealed ; but it was enacted that innholders should not make 

 horsebread except in villages where there was no baker ; they 

 were also to sell their provender at market price, without 

 taking anything for litter. 



" Colonel Kowatch, who in the American service com- 

 manded the infantry of Pulaski's legion, had been an old 

 partisan officer in the north of Europe, and had commanded 

 a large corps of irregular horse, either Cossacks, Croats, or 

 Pandours. He fled to America after the troubles of Poland. 

 ' He told me,' says Mr. Peters, ' that they often baked the 

 chopped or ground grain for their horses, having previously 

 formed it into portable cakes.' The saccharine quality was, 

 no doubt, produced by this process, and its alimentary pro- 

 perties increased. General Parlaski had a favourite charger, 

 to whom he often gave bread, which the animal seemed 

 to enjoy far beyond any other food. In Holland it is a 

 common practice to give horses rye-bread, or baked pro- 

 vender. The late Sheriff Penrose, who had a fine team of 

 working horses, was in the habit of buying condemned ship 

 bread, as the most nutritious and cheapest horse-feed. He 

 said others knew and profited by its advantages." — " Memoirs 

 of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society," vol. i. 



Landed and house property in and about New- 

 market does not appear to have been of much value 

 in the sixteenth century. In the 1 1 of Henry VIII. 

 Christopher Sandford, gentleman, and Emma, his wife, 

 let to Sir Ralph Chamberleyn all that part of the manor 

 of Newmarket in the counties of Cambridge and Suffolk, 

 belonging to the said Emma, with all the lands, re- 

 visions, services, leets, fairs, tolls, etc., in Exning and 

 Newmarket, for the term of the life of the said Emma, 



