16 



THE APES AND MONKEYS. 



black face of his, forcibly reminds one of a negro 

 bgy. 



" His manner of life is just as human as his ap- 

 pearance. At about eight o'clock in the morning he 

 wakes up, yawns, scratches himself in various places 

 and remains sleepy and apathetic till his glass of 

 morning milk is brought. That rouses him. He 

 gets up, peers around to see whether he cannot find 

 something to destroy in the room, looks out of the 

 window, claps his hands, and if he has no better 

 company, tries to play with the keeper. The latter 

 must always be with him. The moment he is left 

 alone, he screams. At nine o'clock he is washed, a 

 process in which he finds much pleasure, and ex- 

 presses his satisfaction in grunts. Living with his 

 keeper, he gets his meals at corresponding times 

 with him. For luncheon he eats a couple of Frank- 

 furt or Vienna sausages, or a sandwich with cheese, 

 or smoked beef. His favorite drink is Weiss beer, 

 and he looks remarkably funny when he tries to 

 hold the large glass with his short, thick fingers and 

 one foot. At one o'clock the keeper's wife brings 

 in dinner. While he was living in my house, last 

 summer, he was evidently yearning for this hour. 

 He always ran to open the door himself, when he 

 heard the bell. As soon as the woman came in, he 

 would investigate the dishes and sometimes help 

 himself to a little of some dainty. She would punish 

 him with a slap, and then he would behave and sit 

 quietly. The first course is a cup of bouillon, which 

 is emptied to the last drop. Then comes a dish of 

 rice or vegetables, preferably potatoes, carrots or 

 parsnips, cooked. with meat. The woman insists on 

 his eating properly, and he can handle a spoon quite 

 well, but the minute he thinks he can do so unob- 

 served, he puts his mouth in the dish. He likes a 

 piece of roast fowl best at the end of his meal. At 

 the conclusion of dinner he takes a nap of an hour 

 or an hour and a half, and is then ready for new 

 pranks. In the course of the afternoon he gets some 

 fruit, while his evening meal consists of milk or tea 

 with bread and butter. At nine o'clock he goes to 

 bed. He has a nice mattress and covers himself 

 with a blanket. The keeper stays with him till he is 

 asleep, which does not take long. He likes best to 

 sleep in the same bed with the keeper, hugging him 

 and putting his head on some part of his body. He 

 sleeps all night through and does not awaken until 

 eight in the morning. A glass house in connection 

 with a little conservatory adapted for palms, has 

 been built specially for him, to take the place of the 

 damp atmosphere of his tropical home. In this way 

 I hope that aided by his robust nature, our Gorilla 

 will be spared us and wdl long be the greatest orna- 

 ment of our Aquarium, an honor to Germany, a joy 

 to humanity, a glory to science." 



This Gorilla died on the 13th of November, 1877, 

 after having been watched for nine months in Africa 

 and for fifteen months in Berlin, and having success- 

 fully made a trip to England. The second Gorilla 

 was taken to Europe by Pechuel-Loesche, the former 

 companion of Falkenstein, who arrived with him in 

 1883, on his return from the Congo, and was also 

 presented to the Berlin Aquarium. He lived under 

 the care of Director Hermes for fourteen months 

 and died of the same disease as the first Gorilla. 

 It is a notable fact that neither of the animals suf- 

 fered from sea-sickness. 



All other attempts to take living Gorilla's to Europe 

 and to keep them there, have been unsuccessful ; nor 

 has one ever been brought to America. 



THE CHIMPANZEE. 



Let us now consider the second species of the 

 A)ithroponwrpha, the Chimpanzee (Simia troglodytes). 

 He is considerably smaller than the Gorilla ; old 

 males reach a height of sixty-four inches ;• females, 

 forty-eight inches. The skull is flatter, the arches of 

 the eyebrows not so prominent and the expression 

 of the face with its large, clear eyes a great deal 

 gentler. The nose is flat, the upper lip long, arched 

 and wrinkled ; the lower lip, prominent. Both lips 

 are exceedingly mobile and may be projected so as 

 to produce a snout-like impression. The ears are 

 larger and less human than those of the Gorilla. 

 The arms are long, reaching a little below the knee, 

 and possess great muscular power. The thumb in 

 the hands is thin and short ; the fingers are long, the 

 middle finger being the longest. In the feet the 

 large toe is separated from the others by a deep 

 incision ; and the sole is flat. The hair of the Chim- 

 panzee is smooth, that on the head usually showing a 

 parting ; it is long on the back part of the head, on 

 the cheeks, the back, arms and legs ; and shorter on 

 the other parts of the body. The color usually is 

 black ; but in some specimens is a dull, reddish- 

 brown. The lower part of the face has short, whitish 

 hair. Chimpanzees walk on all fours, resting them- 

 selves on the calloused back of their hands. The 

 toes of the feet are sometimes drawn in when walk- 

 ing. There is a strong inclination in this species to 

 show remarkably varying individual types which has 

 led to controversies as to whether there were not 

 several different species. 

 The Chimpanzee As a proof that the Chimpanzee was 

 Long and known to the ancients, mention is 

 Well-Known. usually made of the famous mosaic 

 picture, which once adorned the temple of Fortuna 

 in Praeneste, and which is still preserved in the 

 Barberini Palace at that place, now the town of 

 Palestrina in Italy. This mosaic represents, among 

 many other animals of the Upper Nile country, what 

 is believed to have been the Chimpanzee. This 

 Ape is often mentioned by the authors of the past 

 few centuries, mostly under the name of "Inseigo" 

 or " Nschiego," a name he still bears in Central 

 Africa. A young Chimpanzee was taken to Eu- 

 rope in the beginning of the seventeenth century, 

 dissected by Tulpius and Tyson and described by 

 Dapper. He has been taken there repeatedly since 

 and is a not infrequent feature on the European 

 animal market. Several have been brought to the 

 United States and placed in museums and menag- 

 eries. 



Formerly he was supposed to inhabit, exclusively, 

 Upper and Lower Guinea and the country back of 

 it, ranging from Sierra Leone to the Congo. He 

 lives in the forests on the rivers of the coast and in 

 the mountains. H. von Koppenfels has hunted him 

 in the Gaboon and Ogowe country. To the south 

 he was frequently seen by the German Loango ex- 

 pedition near the Congo. German explorers have 

 established the fact that he is found in Central Af- 

 rica, deep in the region of the lakes, probably going 

 as far as the oil-palm and the gray Parrot. Heuglin 

 says : " In the thick foliage of the forests growing 

 along banks of rivers in the country of the Niam- 

 Niam the Mban (more correctly Baam) has made 

 its home, an Ape the size of a Man and of a savage 

 character, fearlessly turning on his pursuers. He 

 lives with his family and builds large nests in the 

 trees, making them water-tight and proof against 



