PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE EYEBALL 107 



arboreal life, increased both the range and accuracy of 

 their powers of observation for natural phenomena. It 

 was in this way that the portal became opened for the 

 evolution of the mental faculties of memory and inference— 

 faculties which enabled man's anthropoid ancestors, on 

 descent from the trees, to subdue their foes, to become 

 successful hunters and to adopt an omnivorous diet. It 

 would seem, therefore, that some such study of the visual 

 organs as I have attempted in this lecture is necessary for 

 fully understanding the way in which man gained his 

 predominant position in the animal kingdom. 



REFERENCES. 



1. Jones, F. Wood: Arboreal Man, London, 1918. 



2. Emmert: Ztschr. f. Vergl. Augenheilk., 1886. 



3. Johnson, G. Lindsay: The Comparative Anatomy of the Mamma- 

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5. Eversbusch: Ztschr. f. Augenheilk., 1882. 



6. Grossman and Meyerhausen: Arch. f. Ophth., 1877, xxiii, 3. 



7. Kalt: Encyclop6die francaise d'Ophtalmologie, vol. ii, p. 903. 



8. Harris, Wilfred: Brain, 1904, xxvii, 105. 



9. Singer and Miinzer: Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Sehnervenkreuzung, 

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12. Usher and Dean: Brain, 1903, part civ, 539. 



13. Trendelenburg: Central bl f. Physiol., 1904, vol. xvii. 



14. Edridge Green: Color-blindness and Color-perception, 1909, p. 318. 



15. Schultze, Max: Arch. f. Mikro. Anat., 1866, vol. ii. 



16. Kries, v.: Nagel's Handbuch der Physiologie d. Menschen. 



17. Parsons, J. H.: An Introduction to the Study of Color Vision, Cam- 

 bridge, 1915. 



18. Stort and Englemann : Archiv. f. Ophthal., 1887, xxxiii, 3, p. 229; also 

 Ophth. Review, vol. vii, p. 142. 



19. Chievitz: Arch. f. Anat., 1891, Hefte iv, v and vi. 



20. Slonaker, J. R.: Journal of Morphology, 1897, xiii, 445. 



21. Krause: Internat. Monatsschr. f. Anat. u. Physiol., 1891, viii, 414. 



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23. Wood, Casey: The Fundus Oculi of Birds, Chicago, 1917. 



24. Hippel, v.: Arch. f. Ophth., 1898, xlv 286. 



