44 8 43. BASES AND ACIDS WITH KEAGENTS. 



CHAPTER III. 



BEHAVIOR OF THE MORE COMMON BASES AND ACIDS WITH 

 REAGENTS, AND THEIR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION. 



43. The substances for whose qualitative detection or 

 quantitative estimation directions are given in the follow- 

 ing pages, are as follows. 



1. Inorganic^ basic elements. — Potassium, sodium, bari- 

 um, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, manganese, zinc, 

 lead, and copper. 



2. Volatile, basic radical. — Ammonium. 



3. Acid eUinents and inorganic acids. — Arsenic, chlo- 

 rine, iodine, fluorine, sulphur, and sulphuric, phosphoric, 

 carbonic, silicic, and nitric acids. 



4. Gompoiuid, acid radicals. — Cyanogen and ferrocy- 

 anogen. 



5. Organic acids. — Oxalic, acetic, tartaric, citric, malic, 

 uric, hippuric, lactic, and tannic acids. 



6. Indifferent organic substances. — Cellulose, starch, 

 sugar, gum, albuminoids, urea, fat, and alcohol. 



POTASSIUM. K. C9.1 



44( — Salts of potassium, with all the acids mentioned 

 in § 43, except tartaric, are easily soluble in water. The 

 tartrate is soluble in free alkali or mineral acid, or in 

 considerable water. 



Reactions. — In tolerably concentrated, neutral or 

 slightly acid solutions of potassic salts, containing hydro-' 

 chloric acid or a soluble chloride, platinic chloride, PtCi^, 

 gives a yellow, granular, crystalline precipitate, K.^PtCl^, 

 which is sparingly soluble in water, and nearly insoluble 

 in alcohol. Its solubility is slightly increased by the 



