344 



The Botany of the Rose. 



Root-shoots or Surculi are the strong one-year old shoots produced from the hase of the 

 plant ; these do not usually bear any blossoms, except on their lateral branches, which are most 

 commonly produced during the second season. The habit of these root-shoots is different, and 

 this helps to distinguish some of the species. 



Branches are the ramifications of either the root-shoots or the principal stems. 



Fig. 58 PRICKLES OF VARIOUS KINDS. 



Branchlets are the small lateral shpots produced in some instances from the stronger shoots 

 of the same season's growth. 



Arms indicate the armature of the stems and branches, that is to say, the rigid processes 

 borne on their surface. The term armed is used when prickles and setae are borne indiscrimin- 

 ately : while unarmed is used to denote smoot hness, or the absence of prickles and setae. 



Prickles or Aculei are the sharp rigid processes which occur on most of the species ; in some 

 they are straight, and in others more or less hooked ; they vary much in size as well as in form 

 and colour. 



Fig. 59. SET^E. 



Setce are small straight prickles or aculei, tipped with a gland, and are known from true 

 glands by their rigidity. They are believed to exist upon the root-shoots at some period in all 

 the species, becoming soon changed into bristle-like aculei by the loss of the gland. In general 

 they are deciduous. 



Glands are secretory bodies, for the most. part attached to leaves on their under-surface, 

 and better distinguished from setae by their scent than by anything else. The well-known 

 appearance of the Moss Rose is caused by glands in a peculiar condition. 



