Appendix Botany of the Rose. 353 



variable species. The type Rosa gallica (Linn.), is common as a wild plant in the South of 

 Europe. The wild plant has short erect stems, unequal prickles, the larger subfalcate, and the 

 smaller setaceous, leaflets with sub-simple teeth and veins raised below, 1 to 2 flowers on short 

 erect densely hisped peduncles, short sepals densely glandular on the back, the outer copiously 

 pinnatifld, dark red petals, and subglobose dry fruit with deciduous sepals. R. centifolia, L., 

 is taller than gallica, with larger prickles, corymbose drooping flowers, and more pulpy acid 

 fruit. From this is derived the Moss Rose (R. muscosa) (Miller), marked by its densely mossy 

 peduncles and sepals. R. provincialis (Miller) differs from centifolia by its larger clusters of 

 flowers, erect instead of drooping. The Pompon Rose is like provincialis on a smaller scale. 

 R. damascena (Miller), the Damask Rose, differs from centifolia by its green branches, larger 

 prickles, elongated ampulloeform fruit, and longer reflexed sepals. From this are derived 

 several of the most choice cultivated forms of the group, the Four Seasons, the Rose de Trianon, 

 the Damask Perpetuals, the Hybrid Perpetual, and the Bourbon Perpetual. R. turbinata 

 (Aiton), the Frankfort Rose, is probably a hybrid between gallica and canina, and R. hybrida 

 (Schleich.), which has gallica flowers and leaves but a protruded column of styles, is probably 



Fig. 72. ROSA CANINA. 



a hybrid between gallica and arvensis. A recently introduced new species of this group is the 

 Abyssinian R. sancta (A. Rich.), with very compound sepals. 



The VILLOS^: are marked by their scattered slender prickles, persistent sepals, and very 

 hairy leaves. R. mollis (Smith), the type of the group, is one of our most handsome wild 

 Roses. The bright red pulpy globes of fruit, crowned by their nearly simple persistent 

 connivent sepals, are ripe a month before those of the common Dog Roses. R. pomifera 

 (Herm.) (see Fig. 71), the Apple Rose, is often met with in old gardens. It has larger flowers 

 and fruit, more compound sepals, and less hairy leaves than the wild mollis. R. tomentosa is 

 a common wild British species, of which a handsome double flowered form is sometimes 

 cultivated. 



The CANINE are marked by their scattered stout hooked uniform prickles. Of the common 

 Dog Rose of our English hedges there are innumerable sub-species and varieties. In the type 

 the leaves and pedicels are naked, but in some of the varieties the leaves become hairy and the 

 pedicels bristly. In cultivation canina (see Fig. 72) is used mainly as a stock to graft other 

 Roses upon. The White Rose, R. alba (Linn.) a very old garden favourite, is probably a hybrid 



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