Appendix Entomology of the Rose. 359 



with a number of small white spots and a quantity of fine white hairs. At each segment joint 

 there is a pale transverse line. The head is pale green. In the early stages of its existence the 

 caterpillar establishes itself in the unexpanded leaf-buds of its food plant ; as the leaves 

 expand its habit is to spin two or three together very slightly, leaving just a feeble net-work of 

 web in the crevices, and in this dwelling, when not feeding, it may usually be observed curled 

 up, but, after the fashion of all the larvae of the particular class to which this moth belongs, it 

 may often be noticed at rest on a leaf or twig, stretched out to the full, retaining its hold by its 

 two last pairs of legs, and imitating to perfection a twig of the plant itself, and thus without 

 doubt eluding often observation by insectivorous birds. This caterpillar appears in April 

 and May. When full fed it descends into the earth for the purpose of changing to a chrysalis. 

 The moth emerges during mild weather in October, November, and December. The wings 

 of the male are greyish brown, barred transversely with lines of a darker colour ; the under 

 wings are paler and very slightly marked. The expanse of the upper wings is about an inch. 

 The female is incapable of flight, having the wings in a very rudimentary state, and her 

 power of motion is confined to crawling; from this fact, and from the shape of the body 



Fig. 74." BUFF TIP" MOTH. 



Fig. 75. " BUFF TIP " CATERPILLAR. 



and length of the legs, she might be taken for a spider by a casual observer. The colour 

 varies somewhat. I have now before me specimens ranging from pale gray to black; but 

 the most common form seems to have the body gray, with five rows of darker spots running 

 the whole length of it, those on the sides being larger than the others. 



The annexed wood-cut illustrates the moth and caterpillar known as the "Buff Tip" 

 (Pygcera bucephala), Fig. 74, doubtlessly owing its fanciful name to the large patch of buff 

 or straw colour present at the upper corner of each of the fore-wings. This is a large and 

 handsome insect, having the upper wings of a purplish gray colour, the lower half shaded 

 with silvery scales. Across each of these two wings run transversely two zigzag lines of a 

 darker colour dividing each wing into three parts. In the centre of the middle part is a 

 dark spot surrounded by a ring of pale yellow or straw colour, and the upper corner of the 

 outside division is taken up with the patch mentioned above of the same colour, and the 

 lower corner of this division is also slightly clouded with straw colour. The hind wings 

 are yellowish white, head and thorax brown and buff, and the body buff. The full expanse 

 of the upper wings when stretched out is from two to two and a half inches. The caterpillar 



