194 DISEASES OF THE ROSE. 



cially the lairse of the Cocci/idles and Hemerobes. Those of the 

 Hemerobius Persa of Linnaeus have thus received, from Reaumur 

 and Geoffrey, tho name of " Lions of the Vine-chafers}" 1 They 

 destroy great numbers of these insects every day, by sucking 

 their substance, and then fasten the skins upon their own backs, 

 for the purpose of concealing themselves by this pile from the 

 eyes of those who are yet to become their victims. The first eggs 

 of these insects are deposited in the autumn, at the base of the 

 buds, and are hatched in the early part of the following spring. 

 Generation after generation are then rapidly produced, number- 

 ing sometimes eight or ten before autumn. Reaumur estimated 

 that a single Aphis might produce six thousand millions in one 

 summer. The first hatching can be prevented by washing the 

 plant with soft soap and water, or with whale-oil soap, before the 

 buds commence swelling. When the plant is infested with them, 

 it can be washed with tobacco-water and then rinsed in clean 

 water. If in a house, fumigation with tobacco is better. An 

 English writer recommends washing in a decoction of an ounce 

 of quassia and a quart of water, as a very effective and safe rem- 

 edy. Fumigation is, however, the most thoroughly searching 

 remedy, and can be easily applied to plants in the open air, by 

 means of an empty barrel inverted over the plant and a pan of 

 burning tobacco. * 



8. PHAL^XA PAVONIA. Linnaeus. The huge caterpillar of this large 



butterfly may occasionally be found on the leaves of rose-bushes, 

 but lives mostly on those of apple, peach, and other trees. The 

 same remark will apply to 



9. PHAL^ENA LIBATRIX. Linnaeus. 



10. PHAL^NA FIMBRIA. Linnaeus. 



11. PHAL.ENA BETULARIA. Linnaeus. 



12. PHAL^NA ROSARIA. Linnaeus. Its caterpillar eats and rolls up 



the leaves of the Rose, as do also those of the 



13. PIJAL^NA FORSKAL^ENA. Linnaeus. And the 



14. PHAL,ENA CYNOSBATTELLA. Linnaeus. 



15. CYNIPS ROS.E. Linnaeus. The Cynips of the Bedeguar. The 



female makes a hole in the epidermis of the branches of the rose- 

 bush, with a sort of auger placed at the extremity of the oviduct, 

 for the purpose of laying her eggs under the bark. This puncture 

 produces the fibrous and mossy excrescence found on plants of 

 the Rose, and particularly on the Dog Rose and the Sweet Briar. 

 Within this excrescence are found the larvae, many of them gath- 

 ered in one mass. They dig their small, round cells, and thus 



