30 THE KOYAL INSTITUTION. [CHAP. I. 



religion, par suite de leur zele pour le catholicisme, avaient 

 longtemps porte les marques de ce zele bien au-dela de ce 

 que reclame un catholicisme eclaire : ils encourageaient la 

 devotion et ne faisaient rien pour I'industrie ; on comptait 

 dans leurs etats plus de convents que de fabriques. L'armee 

 y etait a peu pres nulle ; 1'ignorance et 1'inertie dominaient 

 dans toutes les classes de la societe. 



The first work in Bavaria of Sir Benjamin Thompson 

 was to rearrange the military service and introduce a 

 new system of order, discipline, and economy among the 

 troops. In the execution of this commission he says : 

 6 1 was ever mindful of that great and important truth 

 that no political arrangement can be really good 

 except in so far as it contributes to the general good 

 of society. I have endeavoured to unite the interest 

 of the soldier with the interest of civil society, and to 

 render the military force, even in the times of peace, 

 subservient to the public good.' To make soldiers 

 citizens, and citizens soldiers, the soldier was better 

 paid, better clothed, better housed, better taught, 

 better occupied, better amused, and, above all, allowed 

 to earn money and to spend it as he pleased. Fixed 

 garrisons were formed, and the army was used as a 

 means of introducing useful improvements into the 

 country. Thus military gardens were formed to introduce 

 the culture of the potato. Workhouses for manufac- 

 turing clothing for the army were founded, first at 

 Mannheim for the troops of the Palatinate and Duchies 

 of Juliers and Bergen, and a few months afterwards at 

 Munich for the fifteen Bavarian regiments. The 

 greatest order and economy were used in the military 



