26 APES AND MONKEYS. 



very different from the true or common chimpanzee, and which he regarded as in all 

 probability identical with Du Chaillu's bald chimpanzee. 



Writing of this animal, Mr. Bartlett remarks that, while " the colour of the 

 face, hands, and feet in the chimpanzee are white or pale flesh-colour, the same 

 parts of the animal under consideration are black or brownish-black. Another 

 well-marked difference is to be found in the hair upon the head and face. In the 

 true chimpanzee the hair on the top of the head, and that passing down from the 

 centre (where it divides) to the sides of the face or cheeks, is tolerably long and 

 full, forming what may be considered rather bushy whiskers; whereas the figure 

 (given in the memoir), clearly shows the front, top, and sides of the head and face 

 to be nearly naked, having only a few short hairs on the head, quite destitute of 

 any signs of the parting so very conspicuous in the chimpanzee. Another striking- 

 difference may be noticed in the size and form of the head and ears. Out of the 

 number of chimpanzees I have seen and examined, both old and young, none have 

 possessed the large flat ears so conspicuous in this individual. The form of the 

 head, the expression of the face, the expanded nostrils, the thicker lips, especially 

 the lower lip, together with the more elevated skull, cannot fail to distinguish this 

 animal from the chimpanzee. . . . Again, the habits of this animal differ entirely 

 from those of the well-known or common chimpanzee. She has always shown a 

 disposition to live upon animal food. Soon after her arrival I found she would 

 kill and eat small birds ; seizing them by the neck, she would bite off the head and 

 eat the bird, skin, feathers, and all ; for some months she killed and ate a small 

 pigeon every night. After a time we supplied her with cooked mutton and beef- 

 tea; upon this food she has done well. I have never found any ordinary 

 chimpanzee that would eat any kind of flesh. 



" Another singular habit was the producing pellets or ' quids,' resembling the 

 castings thrown up by raptorial birds. They are composed of feathers and other 

 indigestible substances, that had been taken with her food. Moreover, she is an 

 expert rat-catcher, and has caught and killed many rats that had entered her cage 

 during the night. Her intelligence is far above that of the ordinary chimpanzee. 

 With but little trouble she can be taught to do many things that require the 

 exercise of considerable thought and understanding ; she recognises those who have 

 made her acquaintance, and pays marked attention to men of colour, by uttering 

 a loud cry of bun, bun, bun. She is never tired of romping and playing, and is 

 generally in a good temper." 



We shall have something to say in regard to the mental faculties of this 

 chimpanzee later on, but we have now to consider, firstly, the geographical dis- 

 tribution of chimpanzees, and then their mode of life and habits. 



As already mentioned, chimpanzees inhabit Western and Central 

 Equatorial Africa, where they range over a considerable area of 

 country. On the west coast their range appears to be limited to the northward 

 approximately by the river Gambia, while their southward range extends about to 

 the river Coanza, which flows into the ocean at the boundary between Angola and 

 Benguela. Their limits on either side of the Equator do not, therefore, exceed some 

 twelve degrees, the northern range in latitude being greater than the southern. 



