GORILLA. 



37 



Africa, which gave a full and illustrated narrative of numerous personal encounters 

 with gorillas. Somewhat later, an Englishman, Mr. Winwood Keade, made an 

 expedition to the Gabun for the purpose of verifying these accounts ; the results 

 of his journey being given in a work entitled Savage Africa, of which the first 

 edition appeared in 1863. In this work it is asserted that neither Du Chaillu nor 

 any other European had up to that date ever seen a wild, living gorilla in its 

 native haunts, though he possibly did not refer to those driven to the shore in 

 1851 ; and his assertions are supported by the members of the German Loango 

 Expedition of 1873-76. Be this as it may, Du Chaillu's accounts of gorilla-hunting 

 have been so frequently quoted that we need hardly dwell on them here. 



We now proceed to describe the gorilla, noticing especially the 

 Characteristics. J 



more important characters in which it differs from the chimpanzee. 



In the first place, it may, however, be observed that both these animals agree in the 

 deep black colour of their skin, and the blackish hue of a large portion of the hair. 

 One of the most obvious distinctive features of the gorilla, as distinguished from 

 the chimpanzee, is that the males are very much larger than the females, while 

 their skulls have the beetling, bony ridges overhanging the sockets of the eyes, 

 which give to the living animals their peculiarly ferocious and forbidding aspect. 

 Then, again, the arms are relatively longer than in the chimpanzee, reaching, in 

 the upright position, some considerable distance below the knee, although never 

 below the middle of the lower leg or shin. In regard to our figure of the skeleton 

 of the gorilla, given on p. 17, it should, however, be observed that it is taken from 

 one mounted in a somewhat slouching position, so that the hands reach lower 

 down than would have been the case had it been set perfectly upright. Another 

 point in which the gorilla differs from the chimpanzee, and thereby departs still 

 further from the human type, is the greater length of the median bony union of 

 the two branches of the lower jaw. Moreover, the " wisdom-tooth," or last molar, 

 in the upper jaw, is larger than either of the two molars in front of it; this being 

 another departure from the chimpanzee and man. 



Such are some of the leading structural features by which the gorilla is 

 distinguished from the chimpanzee, and they are those on which zoologists chiefly 

 rely in referring these animals to different genera. We shall see, however, 

 immediately that there are many other points of difference, but before noticing 

 these we must mention certain characteristics by which the chimpanzee and 

 gorilla are collectively distinguished from the lower Man-like Apes, and thereby 

 agree with man. One of these is that the total number of joints in the backbone, 

 or vertebrae, lying between the solid mass called the sacrum and the neck is 

 seventeen, or the same as in man. It is true, indeed, that whereas in man only 

 twelve of these vertebrae carry ribs, in the gorilla and chimpanzee thirteen are so 

 provided ; but this is a matter of minor import, which is entirely overbalanced 

 by the numerical identity of the vertebrae. The other point is the absence of the 

 central bone in the wrist; so that whereas in man, the chimpanzee, and the 

 gorilla the total number of separate wrist-bones is but pi^e, in all the other 



Primates it is ^etC This is a very important characteristic in connecting these 

 two apes with man. > 



