LANGURS. 75 



THE BANDED LEAF-MONKEY (Semnopithecus femoralis). 



A rare langur from Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula, extending as 

 far north as Tenasserim, is the banded leaf -monkey, of whose habits little, 

 unfortunately, is known. It differs from all those already mentioned in that 

 the hair of the crown of the head radiates from two distinct points on the fore- 

 head. The hair on the hinder part of the head stands up so as to form a crest ; 

 while that over the temples bends forwards to overhang the eyes. In colour this 

 monkey is much darker than any of the above species ; it varies from blackish- 

 brown to black over the greater part of the body, but is white over a larger 

 portion of the under surface of the body and inner sides of the thighs; the 

 white area always including the abdomen. The young are of a whitish hue 

 throughout. 



A closely allied, if not identical, kind of langur from the same regions has 

 received the name of chrysomelas, and differs merely by some details of 

 coloration. 



It is a curious circumstance that the skulls of both these species or varieties of 

 langurs can be distinguished from those of all others by the form of the last molar, 

 or " wisdom-tooth," in the lower jaw. In all the other langurs this tooth has five 

 tubercles, in the banded leaf -monkey it has but four, as in the under-mentioned 

 group of guenons. 



THE NEGRO MONKEY (Semnopithecus maurus). 



Far better known than the last species is the negro monkey, or Budeng, as 

 it is called by the inhabitants of Java, of which we give an illustration. This 

 langur, which was originally obtained from Java, but, according to Dr. J. Anderson, 

 is also found in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, takes its English name from 

 the full black colour prevailing over all the body in the adult, except a portion of 

 the under surface, and the root of the tail, where it is replaced by grey. It agrees 

 with the last in the forward projection of the hairs on the front of the crown of 

 the head, as is well shown in the figure. The length of the head and body of 

 this monkey is about 24 inches; the tail being longer than the head and body, 

 and frequently furnished with a small tuft at the extremity. The young are 

 light-coloured, being of a yellowish or reddish tint ; the dark colour of the adult 

 appearing first on the hands, and then gradually spreading over the limbs and 

 body. This light colour of the young shows that the dark tint of the adults is 

 an acquired or specialised character. 



Nearly allied to this species is another and much rarer monkey, found in 

 Java, where it is called by the natives the lutong. It is known scientifically as 

 8. pyrrhus ; and it differs from the negro monkey in being of a ferruginous 

 red colour at all ages, and is therefore evidently a less specialised form. 

 So like, indeed, are the two that Dr. J. Anderson considered the lutong 

 to be merely a light-coloured variety of the budeng. More recently, however, 

 Dr. Jentiuk, of Ley den, has shown that the skulls of the two present considerable 



