io8 



APES AND MONKEYS. 



Characteristics. 



Under the heading of the mangabeys we have seen how these monkeys differ 

 from their cousins the guenons in having a heel, and thus five cusps, to their last 

 lower molar teeth, and also in the uniform coloration of their individual hairs. 

 As this is also the case in the macaques, it is obvious that in this respect the 

 mangabeys form a transition to them from the guenons; and we may now 

 consider how the macaques and mangabeys are to be distinguished from one 

 another. 



In the first place, macaques are always of stouter build than the 

 mangabeys ; and they are further . distinguished by the considerably 

 greater prolongation of the muzzle, and the larger size of the naked callosities 



on the buttocks. Some 

 of the macaques have 

 their tails as long as 

 those of the guenons and 

 mangabeys ; in others 

 these appendages are very 

 short, while in a few they 

 are actually wanting ; 

 thus showing that the 

 presence or absence of a 

 tail is of no import either 

 as a generic character, 

 or as indicative of a 

 higher or lower degree 

 of organisation. In com- 

 mon with all the monkeys 

 we have hitherto con- 

 sidered, the nostrils of the 

 macaques do not reach as 

 far forwards as the ex- 

 tremity of the muzzle. 



From these characters 

 it will be apparent that 

 while the macaques are 

 sufficiently distinguished 

 from the mangabeys to be 

 entitled to rank as a 

 separate genus, yet both 

 groups are closely allied. 

 And, as we shall see that as in the opposite direction the macaques are intimately 

 connected through one singular intermediate form with the baboons of Africa, 

 we have evidence that an almost complete transition exists from the guenons 

 through the mangabeys to the macaques, and thus to the baboons. 



In speaking of the macaques as Asiatic monkeys, we must guard ourselves by 

 mentioning that one solitary outlying species is found in the mountains of North- 

 West Africa, and also on the opposite coast of Gibraltar. The greater majority 



THE BURMESE PIG-TAILED MONKEY. 



(From Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860.) 



