MACAQUES. 113 



fierce and morose. On account of the white eyelids of this monkey care must be 

 taken not to confound it with the maiigabeys noticed above. 



THE LION-TAILED MONKEY (Macacus silenus). 



With the peculiar-looking lion-tailed monkey of Western India, well represented 

 in the woodcut on the opposite page, and also in Fig. 2 of the coloured Plate, we 

 come to the first of the macaques in which the length of the tail is less than three- 

 quarters of that of the head and body taken together. 



The lion-tailed monkey, often incorrectly called the warideru (a term which 

 as we have seen, should be restricted to the langurs of Ceylon), may be distinguished 

 from all the other species by its general black colour, and the enormous grey beard 

 and ruff, which surrounds the black face, with the exception of the middle of the 

 forehead, whera it stops short. The fur is long, and the slender tail is tufted at its 

 extremity, and measuring from half to three-quarters the united length of the head 

 and body. The thin and tufted tail, like that of a lion, is one of the characteristic 

 features of this species, and that from which it derives its name. The enormous 

 ruff, totally concealing the ears, is, however, that which especially attracts attention, 

 and gives the owner somewhat the appearance of a black-faced old man with 

 shaggy whiskers and beard. 



These monkeys inhabit the Malabar, or Western, Coast of India, from Cape 

 Comorin to about the fourteenth parallel of latitude, being especially abundant in 

 the districts of Travancore and Cochin. They restrict themselves to the forest- 

 lands on the range of trappean mountains known as the Western Ghats, and are 

 always found at a considerable elevation above the level of the sea. Dr. Jerdon 

 says that they associate in troops of from twelve to twenty or more in number. 

 They are excessively shy and wary, and when caught are sulky and savage in 

 captivity, so that it is only with great difficulty that they can be taught to perform 

 any feats of agility or mimicry. 



THE BENGAL MONKEY (Macacus rhesus). 



Perhaps the best known of all the macaques is the common Bengal or rhesus 

 monkey, the bandar of the Hindus, which is found all over Northern India. It is 

 shown in Fig. 1 of the coloured Plate. 



This monkey presents but little resemblance to the last species, having no trace 

 of a beard or a ruff, and its colour being brown, with a tinge of grey. As a species 

 it is characterised by the straightness of its moderately long hair, and also by the 

 buttocks being naked for some distance round the callosities. The tail is about 

 one-half the length of the head and body, and tapers regularly from base to tip, 

 without any trace of a terminal tuft. The face, as well as the callosities on the 

 buttocks, are flesh-coloured, except in the adults, when they are bright red. 



In India the Bengal monkey is found continuously northward from the valley 

 of the Godaveri to the Himalaya, extending to the west coast at Bombay. It 

 inhabits the valley of Kashmir and surrounding regions, at elevations of and above 

 four thousand feet. In the neighbourhood of the hill sanitarium of Simla these 



VOL. i. 8 



