MACAQUES. 115 



fully satisfied myself that this was not merely accidental ; for I distinctly saw one 

 monkey industriously, with both forepaws, and with obvious malice prepense, 

 pushing the loose shingle off a shoulder of rock. I then tried the effect of throw- 

 ing stones' at them, and this made them quite angry, and the number of fragments 

 which they then set rolling was speedily doubled. This, though it does not actually 

 amount to throwing or projecting an object by monkeys as a means of offence, 

 comes very near to the same thing, and makes me think that there may be truth 

 in the stories of their throwing fruit at people from trees." 



It is probable that the Bengal monkey ranges to the north-east into Assam 

 and Upper Burma, and thence into the province of Yunnan, in Western China. 

 In Szechuen, and eastwards into the interior, it is replaced by the closely allied 

 Chinese rhesus (M. lasiotis). 



Another nearly related species is the Himalayan macaque (M. assamensis), 

 found at considerable elevations in the Eastern Himalaya, Assam, the Mishmi Hills, 

 and parts of Upper Burma. According to Mr. Blanford it is distinguished from 

 the Bengal monkey by the wavy nature of the hair, which in the Himalayan 

 specimens assumes a decidedly woolly texture. Dr. Anderson tells us that it is 

 larger than the last-named species, and more powerfully and compactly built, and 

 thus approaches the under-mentioned pig-tailed monkey. Mr. Blanford further 

 observes that, whether wild or tame, it is more sluggish in its movements than the 

 Bengal monkey ; and also that there is a slight difference between the voice of the 

 two species. 



THE PIG-TAILED MONKEY (Macacus nemestrinus). 



The next species of macaque we select for notice is the one represented in 

 the figure on the following page, and commonly known as the pig-tailed monkey. 

 It is distinguished from those we have already mentioned by the shorter tail, which 

 is thin and whip-like, and only about one-third the length of the head and body. 



It is a comparatively stout and long-limbed monkey, easily recognised by the 

 hair radiating from the centre of the head, the slender pig-like tail, and the very 

 projecting muzzle, which approximates to that of the baboons. Dr. Anderson 

 compares an adult full-grown male to a good-sized mastiff, both as regards size 

 and strength. This monkey has been long known to science, and was described by 

 Buffon as the maimon. It inhabits the province of Tenasserim, and thence extends 

 southwards into the Malay Peninsula, and is also found in the islands of Borneo 

 and Sumatra. 



The voice and manners of this monkey are described as being very similar to 

 those of the Bengal monkey. Its habits were long ago described by Sir Stamford 

 Kaffles from specimens observed by him in Sumatra ; and this writer relates that 

 the inhabitants of that island train these monkeys to ascend the cocoa-palms, and 

 select and then throw down the ripest fruit. It seems probable that it must be 

 only young or female individuals that are thus taught to serve their masters, since 

 the old males are exceedingly fierce and vicious, and from their size and powerful 

 build are formidable antagonists. 



