MACAQUES. 117 



determined distance southwards. The Burmese pig-tailed monkey serves to 

 connect the other species with the Bengal monkey. 



THE BROWN STUMP-TAILED MONKEY (Macacus arctoides). 



The brown stump-tailed monkey may be taken as an example of another 

 group of macaques inhabiting Burma and the Malayan region, and thence ranging 

 into China, Tibet, and Japan, and characterised by the reduction of their tails to a 

 mere rudimentary stump. 



The present species is characterised by the length of its dark brown or blackish- 

 brown hair, which may measure more than 4 inches ; and also by the bright red 

 hue of the naked portions of the face and buttocks. As in the last-named species, 

 the terminal portions of the hairs of old individuals are decorated with rings of 

 different colours. The length of the head and body is probably about 24 inches, 

 while that of the tail does not exceed 1 or 2 inches. 



This monkey appears to range from the southern parts of Assam into Upper 

 Burma, and is also found in Cochin China. We have not, however, full information 

 on the subject of its geographical range, and absolutely none as to its habits, although 

 it is said to be an inhabitant of hilly districts. 



It has its tail sparsely clad with hair, or naked in old individuals. In the 

 coldest and least accessible forest of Eastern Tibet the stump - tailed macaques 

 are represented by a species (M. tibetanus) characterised by its larger size, and 

 the thickly-haired tail. We have already seen how the same elevated regions are 

 inhabited by a langur ; and if Europeans ever obtain free access to Tibet, it will be 

 an interesting subject of investigation to discover on what these monkeys subsist 

 during the long and cold winters of that country. 



The Moor macaque (M. maurus), which has received several distinct names 

 M. ochrcatiis, for instance represents the stump-tailed monkeys in Borneo, Celebes, 

 and probably some of the other Malayan islands, and is a dark and black-faced species. 



In Japan the group is represented by the Japanese macaque (M. fuscatus), 

 which is one of those in which the tail is thickly haired. We have, however, still 

 much to learn as to the number of species of these stump-tailed macaques, and their 

 exact geographical distribution; while information as to their mode of life is 

 desirable. 



THE MAGOT, OR BARBARY MACAQUE (Macacus inuus). 



In the preceding sections we have seen how a gradual shortening of the tail can 

 be traced as we pass from the bonnet macaque, through the Bengal monkey and its 

 allies, to the pig-tailed, and thence to the stump-tailed group. From the latter it is 

 but a step to the total loss of the tail ; and the magot, or Barbary macaque (the 

 Barbary ape of many authors), presents us with the culminating member of the 

 series. This total absence of a tail was long regarded as a reason for separating 

 the magot as a distinct genus from the other macaques ; but it is quite clear that 

 there is no sort of justification for this view. The species is represented in Fig. 4 of 

 the coloured Plate, as well as in the woodcut on the following page. 



In addition to being the only tailless macaque, the magot is the sole existing 



