1*2 APES AND MONKEYS. 



O 



The doguera baboon (C. doguera) is a closely allied species or variety, also 

 found in Abyssinia. It is of a more olive colour than the sacred baboon. Dr. 

 Anderson describes a male preserved in the Museum at Calcutta as being of a 

 uniform yellowish-olive colour on the whiskers and all over the body, above and 

 below, except on the hands and feet, which are nearly black. The coarse hair on 

 the fore-part of the body is about 6 inches in length, and is ashy-grey in colour 

 for the first 2 inches, while the remainder is banded with nine rings of orange 

 and black. 



THE CHACMA BABOON (Cynocephalus porcarius). 



The species last noticed is an inhabitant of the countries bordering on the Red 

 Sea littoral and the Upper Nile valley, but to reach the habitat of the chacma, 

 or pig-tailed baboon, we have to travel to the southern extremity of the African 

 continent. The name Chacma, it may be observed, is a somewhat euphonised 

 rendering of the word T'chackamma, by which the Hottentots of South Africa 

 designate this animal. 



Like all the remaining representatives of the long-tailed baboons, the chacma 

 differs from the Arabian baboon by the absence of the mane on the neck and 

 shoulders of the males. We have, indeed, in this respect a gradual descending series 

 from the gelada baboon, in which both sexes are maned, through the Arabian 

 baboon, in which only the males are so ornamented, to the chacma, in which both 

 males and females are maneless. In size the chacma is one of the largest of the 

 group, and it has been compared in this respect, as well as in its bodily strength, 

 with an English mastiff. 



The general colour of this animal is greyish-black ; but there is often a 

 kind of greenish reflection in the fur when seen in certain lights. The head, as 

 well as the hands and feet, are deep black ; while the small whiskers on the sides 

 of the face, which do not conceal the ears, are greyish. All the hair of the body is 

 comparatively long and shaggy ; while that on the nape of the neck, more especially 

 in old males, forms a slender crest. The roots of the hairs are dun-coloured, but 

 their extremities are ringed. The tail differs from that of the Arabian baboon by 

 the absence of any distinct tuft at the end. The muzzle is perhaps even more 

 prolonged than in the last-named species ; but the nose is similarly extended beyond 

 the upper lip. The naked callosities on the buttocks are smaller than is generally 

 the case among the baboons. The naked part of the face is of a purplish hue, with 

 the exception of a white ring round each eye, and the whole of the upper eyelids, 

 which are likewise white. In the latter point, curiously enough, this species 

 resembles the African mangabey monkeys already described. Like the other 

 members of this group of baboons, the chacma carries its tail at first curved some- 

 what upwards, and then hanging straight down. 



The chacma, like its cousin the Arabian baboon, is essentially a dweller in 

 mountainous districts, and is found in all the mountain-ranges of the Cape district, 

 such as the Snieuberg and the Drachenfels. How far it extends to the northward 

 we have not been able to ascertain, since, as we have already had occasion to 

 mention, travellers and sportsmen are, as a rule, very reticent on the subject of 

 monkeys and their kindred. 



