140 APES AND MONKEYS. 



between such brilliant colours and the general hue of the fur and the hazel eyes is 

 most marked. The stump of a tail, which, as we have seen, is naked on the under 

 side, is carried erect and bent over the back somewhat after the manner of that of a 

 pug-dog. The general colour of the fur is a blackish-olive, darker on the crown 

 of the head, the middle line of the back, the nape of the neck, and the flanks ; and 

 lighter on the cheeks. The summit of the head is crowned with a crest of dark 

 hair directed backwards in a pointed and peaked form, while the chin is orna- 

 mented with a small pointed beard of an orange-yellow colour. To add to the 

 strange effect of all these varied tints the large naked callosities on the buttocks 

 are of a bright blood-red colour. The pointed crest on the crown gives to the whole 

 head a somewhat triangular form ; and in harmony with this peculiar contour we 

 find the naked bluish-black ears angulated at their fore-and-aft borders, suggesting 

 the appearance of having been cropped. The truncated muzzle is surrounded 

 by a raised border like that of the swine; from which circumstance it has been 

 considered by some writers that the mandrill is the problematical animal alluded 

 to by Aristotle as Choeropithecus (hog-ape), but this identification is by no means 

 certain. 



Such are the colours of the adult male mandrill, but the brilliant scarlet of the 

 middle and end of the muzzle is not assumed until the first, or milk-set of teeth have 

 been replaced by the permanent series, while at a still younger age the whole of the 

 face is black. Moreover, it is only in the adult of the male sex that the swellings on 

 either side of the snout assume the enormous dimensions we have noticed. In both 

 the young males and in the females of all ages, these swellings are but of moderate 

 dimensions ; and in the female they are coloured blue only. In correlation with the 

 smaller size of the fleshy swellings, the skulls of females and young males are 

 characterised by the much slighter development of the bony ridges underlying these 

 structures, which form such prominent features in the skulls of old males. 



Habits ~^ n ^ e W ^ s ^ a ^ e on ^ e western coast of Africa mandrills appear 



to have habits very like those of other baboons, living in large troops ; 

 and on this account, as well as from their size and strength, being exceedingly 

 formidable antagonists. The accounts given by the earlier travellers of their 

 attacking men without being provoked require confirming; and we are in want 

 of full information as to their habits in general. 



In confinement the chief characteristic appears to be that the ferocity and 

 moroseness common to the old males of all baboons is intensified. There is also 

 a marked liking for spirituous liquors of all kinds, which is likewise a trait 

 exhibited by other species of the genus. One of the earliest examples of an adult 

 male mandrill exhibited in London was the famous " Jerry," immortalised by Mr. 

 Broderip, which was kept first in the menagerie at Exeter Change, and then 

 transferred to the Surrey Zoological Gardens. This animal had learnt to drink 

 daily a pint of porter, which he seemed thoroughly to appreciate, and he had also 

 been taught to smoke tobacco in a short clay pipe, although this accomplishment 

 did not appear to be so much to his taste. 



Of late years the mandrill has been represented by a comparatively small 

 number of specimens in the London Zoological Society's Gardens. An extra- 

 ordinary animal was born in the Society's menagerie in the autumn of 1878, being 



