196 APES AND MONKEYS. 



Brown-Headed The brown-headed tamarin (If. flavifrons) is the Brazilian 



Tamarin. representative of several species or varieties distinguished from the 

 two preceding forms by the face being brownish, with a few grey hairs, although 

 the nose still remains black. The general colour is black, with a white mottling 

 on the hinder part of the back; the head being pale brown, with some black 

 markings. In the male the outer surface of the limbs generally has a bright 

 rufous tinge, while the under-parts and the inner surfaces of the limbs are 

 reddish-brown. The so-called black-and-red tamarin (M. rufoniger) would appear 

 to be only a brighter coloured variety of this species, in which the back, loins, 

 thighs, and legs are of a bright chestnut-red. It occurs in Brazil, and appears to 

 have been met with by Mr. Bates on the upper Amazon in the neighbourhood of 

 Ega. In referring to the marmoset, provisionally identified with this form, this 

 traveller writes as follows : " One day, whilst walking along a forest pathway, I 

 saw one of these lively little fellows miss his grasp as he was passing from one 

 tree to another along with his troop. He fell head-foremost from a height of at 

 least fifty feet, but managed cleverly to alight on his feet in the pathway ; quickly 

 turning round, he gave me a good stare for a few moments, and then bounded off 

 gaily to climb another tree." Mr. Bates adds that the habits of this animal are 

 precisely the same as those of the negro tamarin. 



Deville's tamarin (M. devillei), from Peru, is another nearly related species, 

 with the head, neck, front of the back, fore-limbs, and tail black ; the hinder part 

 of the back marked with grey and black transverse bars ; and the loins and legs 

 bright chestnut-red. 



Moustached This curious little creature (M. mystax) belongs to a well- 



Tamarin. marked group of two or three species readily recognised by having 

 the tip of the nose and the lips covered with white hairs, giving a very peculiar 

 look to the face. It is found in the upper Amazon valley, both in Brazil and 

 Peru. It is black, with a brownish tinge on the back and thighs ; the white hairs 

 on the nose and lips being long, and forming a broad tuft. Mr. Bates, who met 

 with this species on the upper Brazilian Amazon, near Tabatinga, says that, when 

 seen from a short distance, it looks exactly as though it were holding a ball of 

 snow-white cotton in its teeth. 



The red-bellied tamarin (M. labiatus) is an' allied upper Amazonian species, 

 with a very smooth and glossy coat, of a deep blackish-brown colour on the back ; 

 while the under-parts are a mixture of rich black and reddish hues. The white 

 hairs on the nose and lips are much shorter and less conspicuous than in the 

 moustached tamarin ; those on their lips merely forming a thin line on the margins, 

 instead of a distinct tuft. 



THE PINCHE" (Midas cedipus). 



In Colombia (New Granada) and Panama the tusked marmosets are represented 

 by two closely allied species differing in certain points from all the species found 

 in the more southerly or easterly regions. Both have the face and sides of the 

 head but sparsely haired, while there is a distinctly marked patch of hair different 

 from the rest on the crown of the head, and the hair on the neck is elongated. 



