402 



UNGULATES. 



generally found near the banks of river and lakes, and its mode of life is said to be 

 much like that of pigs. 



The water-chevrotain has but three premolar teeth in the lower jaw, but in 

 the somewhat larger species found in the Pliocene and Miocene strata of Europe 

 there were four of these teeth. The species occurring in the Pliocene of the Punjab 

 was of still larger dimensions ; and affords one more instance of the intimate 

 connection existing between the Tertiary Mammalian fauna of India and that of 

 Africa at the present day. 



In its separate metacarpal bones, the water-chevrotain makes a 

 decided approach towards the pigs ; and in the Tertiary deposits of 

 Europe and North America there occur numerous small Ungulates, which appear 

 to have connected the chevrotains with the deer. Such is Gelocus, from the lower 

 Miocene of France, in which the middle metacarpal bones were separate, while the 

 metatarsals were fused into a cannon-bone, which has been regarded as the common 

 ancestor of the two families. Prodremotherium of the upper Eocene of France, 

 has cannon-bones in both limbs ; while in the American Hypertragulus both the 

 metacarpals and metatarsals were separate. 



Extinct Forms. 



THE CAMELS AND LLAMAS. 

 Family Camelidw. 



The camels of the Old World, and the llamas of the New, form, as already 

 stated, a group of ruminating Ungulates distinguished widely both from the true 



SKELETON OF THE ARABIAN CAMEL. 



Ruminants and the chevrotains, and which probably have had a totally distinct 

 origin from more primitive even-toed Ungulates. 



