ELEPHANTS. 



533 



are said occasionally to migrate from their own proper herd to another. In some 

 cases a herd may include as many as a hundred head ; but when fodder is scarce all 

 the larger herds break up into smaller parties of from ten to twenty individuals, these 

 smaller parties keeping within a distance of two or three miles of one another. 



INDIAN ELEPHANT DRINKING. 



and reuniting when conditions are more favourable. A female seems to be 

 invariably the leader of the herd, although in it may be included males of all 

 ages, and on the march the females with their calves occupy the van, while the 

 tusked males bring up the rear. The old bulls are frequently solitary for a time, 

 but generally each belongs to a particular herd, which it visits occasionally. 

 Solitary male elephants are known as " rogues," and are generally characterised 

 by their fierce and quarrelsome disposition ; according to Mr. Sanderson, elephants 



