178 ADAM SMITH. 



in the course of the book, but it is especially to be 

 observed in such passages as that of Book iv., chap, ii., 

 (Vol. II, p. 307); Book iv., chap, vii, (II., 441); Book 

 iv., chap, viii., (II., 489*'-). He carries his prejudice 

 even further; he regards manufacturing industry as 

 wholly unfavourable to both the acquisition of know- 

 ledge, the enlargement of the mind, and even the enjoy- 

 ment of health. 



Part II. The remaining part of this fourth book is 

 devoted to a Ml explanation of the agricultural system, 

 that is, the theory of the French Economists, and to 

 remarks tending to show how erroneously it deals with 

 the classification of labour and profits, when it represents 

 employment of labour or of capital in agriculture as 

 alone productive. The subject has already been so fully 

 discussed, both in the foregoing analysis and in the Ap- 

 pendix, that nothing remains to be added in this place. 



* " The member of parliament who supports every proposal for 

 strengthening their monopoly, is sure to acquire not only the repu- 

 tation of understanding trade but great popularity. If he opposes 

 them, on the contrary, and still more if he has authority enough to 

 be able to thwart them, neither the most acknowledged probity or 

 the highest rank, nor the greatest public services, can protect him 

 from the most infamous abuse and detraction, from personal insults, 

 nay, sometimes from real danger from the insolent outrage of 

 furious and disappointed monopolists." (II., 206.) "Our great 

 master manufacturers are as intent to keep down the wages of their 

 own weavers, or the earnings of the poor spinners, and it is by no 

 means for the benefit of the workman that they endeavour either to 

 raise the price of the complete work or to lower that of the ruder 

 material. It is the industry which is carried on for the benefit 

 of the rich and powerful that is principally encouraged by our 

 mercantile system, that which is carried on for the benefit of the 

 poor and the indigent is too often either neglected or oppressed." 

 (II. 489.) 



