ALASKA. 61 



to the time of cession of Alaska co the United States, Russia never asserted 

 in fact or exercised any exclusive jurisdiction in Bering's Sea or any exclusive 

 rights in the seal fisheries therein beyond the ordinary limit of territorial waters. 



As to the second of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. 

 Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, 

 and Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and 

 determine that Great Britain did not recognize or concede any claim, upon the 

 part of Russia, to exclusive jurisdiction as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea, 

 outside of ordinary territorial waters. 



As to the third ot the said five points, as to so much thereof as requires us 

 to decide whether the body of water now known as the Bering Sea was included 

 in the phrase "Pacific Ocean" as used in the treaty of 1825 between Great 

 Britain and Russia, we, the said arbitrators, do unanimously decide and deter- 

 mine that the body of water now known as the Bering Sea was included in the 

 phrase " Pacific Ocean " as used in the said treaty. 



And as to so much ot the said third point as requires us to decide what 

 rights, if any, in the Bering Sea were held and exclusively exercised by Russia 

 after the said treaty of 1825, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice Har- 

 lan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. 

 Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and deter- 

 mine that no exclusive rights of jurisdiction in Bering Sea, and no exclusive 

 rights as to the seal fisheries therein, were held or exercised by Russia outside 

 of ordinary territorial waters after the treaty of 1825. 



As to the fourth of the said five points, we, the said arbitrators, do unani- 

 mously decide and determine that all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction and 

 as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea, east of the water boundary, in the treaty 

 between the United States and Russia of the 30th March, 1867, did pass unim- 

 paired to the United States under the said treaty. 



As to the fifth of the said five points, we, the said Baron dc Courcel, Lord 

 Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and NL Gregers 

 Gram being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine that 

 the United States has not any right of protection or property in the fur seals 

 frequenting the islands of the United States in Bering Sea, when such seals are 

 found outside the ordinary three-mile limit. 



And whereas the aforesaid determination of the foregoing questions as to the 

 exclusive jurisdiction of the United States mentioned in Article VI leaves the 

 subject in such a position that the concurrence of Great Britain is necessary to 

 the establishment of regulations for the proper protection and preservation of 

 the fur seal in or habitually resorting to the Bering Sea, the tribunal having 



