56 THE NURSERY. [Jan. 



shoot for a stem, with its top entire for the present, till grafted or 

 budded. 



But in the above nursery culture of the fruit tree kind, some sorts 

 designed for principal wall or espalier trees should, when of one 

 years' growth from grafting and budding, be transplanted against 

 some close fence in the nursery, either a wall, paling, or trellis, &c, 

 and their first graft or bud-shoot headed down in the spring, to pro- 

 mote an emission of lower lateral shoots and branches, in order to 

 be regularly trained to the fence in a spreading manner for two 

 years or more, or till wanted, whereby to form the head in a regu- 

 lar spreading growth for the intended purpose of garden trees, 

 which in the public nurseries in particular should always be ready 

 in proper training to supply those who may wish to have their 

 espaliers, &c, covered as soon as possible by means of such ready 

 trained trees. 



A similar training, both for wall and espalier fruit trees, may be 

 practised to some principal sorts in the nursery rows in the open 

 quarters of ground by arranging their branches in a spreading 

 manner, to stakes placed for that purpose. 



But for standard fruit trees, they should be trained with a clean 

 single stem, five or six feet for full standards, by cutting oft' all 

 lateral shoots arising below; half standards trained with a three or 

 four feet stem, and dwarf standards in proportion, by the same 

 means; and as to the heads of the standards, it may be proper in 

 some to have the first immediate shoots from the graft or bud when 

 a year old pruned short in spring to procure several laterals, in 

 order to form a fuller spread of branches, proceeding regularly 

 together from near the summit of the stem that the head may 

 advance in a more regular branchy growth. 



Forest trees, in general, should be encouraged to form straight 

 clean single stems, by occasional trimming of the largest lateral 

 branches, which will also promote the leading top-shoot in aspiring 

 straight and faster in height; always suffering that part of each tree 

 to shoot at full length, that is, not to top it, unless, however, where 

 the stem divides into forks, to trim oft" the weakest, and leave the 

 straightest and strongest shoot or branch to shoot out at its proper 

 length to form the aspiring top, as above. 



The different sorts of shrubs may either be suffered to branch 

 out in their own natural way, except just regulating very disorderly 

 growths, or some may be trained with single clean stems from 

 about a foot to two or three high, according as you shall think 

 proper with respect to the sorts or the purposes for which you de- 

 Bigb them in the shrubbery; but many shrubs appear the most 

 agreeable when permitted to shoot out laterally all the way, so as 

 to be branchy or feathered to the bottom. 



Each species of fruit trees, as soon as grafted or budded, should 

 have all its different varieties numbered, by placing large flat-sided 

 sticks at the ends of the rows, for which purpose some nursery 

 men use. the spokes of old coach wheels, or any thing about that 

 size of any durable wood, painting or marking the numbers thereon, 

 1, 2, 3, &x. on different sticks, entering the numbers in the nursery 



