March.] THE VINEYARD. 233 



till up with fresh earth previous to planting; for it seldom happens, 

 without this management, that young trees thrive, when planted 

 where old disordered ones stood. 



If the orchard is much exposed to winds, it will be proper to 

 stake the new planted trees to support them in their proper posi- 

 tions, and secure them from being rocked to and fro thereby, which 

 would greatly retard their footings — placing one or two strong tall 

 stakes to each tree; but in large trees, the most effectual method 

 is to have three stakes to each, placed in a triangle, meeting at top 

 near the head of the tree, wrapping a hay-band around that part of 

 the stem, to prevent its being barked by the stakes or tying; then 

 tie the stakes at top close to the tree, with some proper bandage, 

 bringing it close about the stem and stakes together, over the hay- 

 wrapping, to secure the tree firmly in an erect posture. 



If your young orchard is laid down with grass, no cattle should 

 be turned into it to graze at large; unless each tree is previously 

 well secured with posts and railing, otherwise they will bark the 

 trees, to their very great injury, and eat oft" the tops of such of their 

 young shoots as they can reach; nor should large cattle be turned 

 into any orchards where the branches of the trees are yet low and 

 within their reach. 



Where great quantities of fruit are wanted, large avenues of 

 apple, pear, peach and cherry trees, &c. may be extended across 

 neighbouring fields, which will render them pleasant, and produce 

 abundance of fruit; or there may be single rows planted to surround 

 fields, &c. which will be found extremely profitable, if in an honest 

 neighbourhood. 



You may now plant the boundaries of large orchards with 

 English walnuts and Spanish chestnuts; these will not only afford 

 you an abundance of fruit, but protect the trees in general from 

 the power of tempestuous winds. A small quarter of the orchard 

 may be allotted to filberts, mulberries, medlars, berberries, &c, 

 and this is a proper time for planting them. 



For the method of raising and propagating all kinds of fruit trees, 

 &c, see the Nursery for this and the preceding month; and also 

 July. 



THE VINEYARD. 



The Vitis vine/era, or common wine-yielding fine, is a native 

 of the warmer regions of Asia: it is found to be most successful in 

 the temperate climates, or between the 30th and 50th degrees of 

 north and south latitudes. 



Ft is cultivated in the greatest perfection in the Island of Madeira, 



lat. 32° North; and in every part of Kurope as far North as the 



fiftieth degree of latitude; also at the Cape of Good Hope, about lat. 



33° 50' South, as well as in every corresponding parallel in Asia and 



2F 



