March] THE NURSERY. 285 



stubborn. When (hey come up an inch or two, let the hoe draw 

 carefully mould around them. 



"By the third method, the ground is prepared as for corn, well 

 broken with the harrow, and if necessary, the roller; and let a cul- 

 tivator be run with one horse, from three to four feet, in parallel 

 lines, forming a furrow as for corn. 



"The trees are laid horizontally, the root of one to the top of an- 

 other from one end of the row to another, the root laid deeper than 

 the tree, and let the hoe cover them about one or one and a half 

 inches. 



"The fourth method is by cutting a tree up into pieces of from 

 twelve to fifteen inches, and laying them in the furrow, prepared as 

 in the last method, so as to leave a space between each piece equal 

 to the length of the cutting." 



The Paper Mulberry, and method of making Paper of its Bark. 



The Moms papyrifera, or paper mulberry. This tree makes 

 very strong vigorous shoots, but seems not to be of tall growth; it 

 drives up an abundance of suckers from the roots, by which it is 

 easily propagated. The leaves are large, some of them entire, 

 others cut into two, three, or four lobes, sporting themselves into 

 various forms, and scarcely two to be found alike on the same tree, 

 especially while young; they are of a dark green, and rough to the 

 touch on the upper surface, but pale green and somewhat hairy on 

 the underside, falling off on the first approach of frost in autumn. 

 Their fruit is little larger than peas, surrounded with long purplish 

 hairs, when ripe changing to a black purple colour, and full of 

 sweet juice. 



It is a native of Japan and the South Sea Islands; and according 

 to Mr. Miller, of China and South Carolina, whence he received 

 the seeds. The inhabitants of Japan have, for ages, been in the habit 

 of making paper from its bark: they cultivate the trees for this 

 purpose, on the mountains, much in the same manner as we do 

 osiers, cutting them all down for use every autumn after the leaves 

 are fallen. 



The finest and whitest cloth worn by the principal people at 

 Otaheite and in the Sandwich Islands, is made of the bark of this 

 tree; which they frequently dye red. The bread fruit tree makes 

 a cloth inferior in whiteness and softness, worn there chiefly by the 

 common people. 



Paper making having a connection in this instance with objects 

 of my attention, and the probable use it may be of to the community, 

 induces me to give additional publicity to the following method of 

 manufacturing it from the bark of the paper mulberry tree; the 

 more especially as such has been attempted last year, and with good 

 success, by the laudable exertions of Mr. William Young, proprie- 

 tor of the Brandy wine paper-mills, in the state of Delaware. It is 

 extracted from Martyn's edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, 

 and quoted by him from Kxmfer. I am not. certain what kind of 

 mulberry Mr. Young had used for that purpose, nor whether it nrai 



