Oct.] THE NURSERY. 535 



nursery-rows at proper distances, there to acquire a sufficient growth 

 and strength for a final transplanting, which will generally be the 

 case in about two or three years. 



Chestnuts of every kind, walnuts, and hickory nuts, may be 

 planted now, or immediately after being ripe; they have the same 

 enemies to encounter as the acorns; but all these kinds will keep 

 well till spring in dry sand, or even in bags or boxes, and if planted 

 early in that season will vegetate freely. 



But if you lind it more convenient to plant the nuts in autumn, 

 let that be done, if possible, when they are perfectly ripe, and 

 in their outward covers or husks, the extreme bitterness of which 

 will be a good preservative against the attacks of vermin of every 

 kind. 



When you desire to cultivate the Juglans regia, or European 

 walnut, for its fruit, and likewise any of the other species, make 

 choice of the best varieties of nuts, such as are large, thin shelled, 

 and have the finest flavoured kernels; for although the best sorts 

 will vary or degenerate, when raised from seeds, yet by planting the 

 most valuable varieties, there will be the better chance of having 

 good kinds continued. 



For the method of planting, and the subsequent treatment of 

 chestnuts, walnuts, &c. see page 270. 



Note. When oaks, chestnuts, or walnuts, &c. are planted exclu- 

 sively on account of their timber, it will be the. better way, when it 

 can conveniently be done, to sow or plant the acorns and nuts where 

 they are intended to remain for full and mature growth; for trees of 

 either of these kinds seldom attain to as great magnitude after 

 having been transplanted, as if suffered to remain undisturbed where 

 the seeds were sown. 



Transplanting Stocks, to Bud and Graft upon. 



About the latter end of this month you may plant out into nur- 

 sery-rows all the hardy kinds of seedling stocks, to bud and graft 

 the different varieties of fruits upon. 



Let these be planted out in rows three feet asunder, and one foot 

 or more distant from one another in the rows. 



Plant also for the purpose of stocks, suckers from the roots of 

 plums, codlins, pears, quinces, &c, but seedlings are much more 

 preferable if you are sufficiently supplied therewith. 



Transplant likewise from nursery beds and layer-stools all the 

 well rooted cuttings and layers that were planted or layed a year 

 ago, or in the last spring, for the purpose of raising stocks for 

 fruit-trees; particularly quinces and codlins, to bud and graft dwarf 

 pears and apples upon, in order to form dwarf trees for walls and 

 espaliers, planting them in nursery-rows as above. 



Planting hardy deciduous Trees and Shrubs. 



All manner of hardy deciduous trees and shrubs may be planted 

 now into nursery rows, or finally where they are to remain, imme- 



