5G4 THE VINEYARD. [Nov. 



entire of the article Orchard in January, beginning at page 45, and 

 also the same article in February, page 140, &c. 



Old fruit trees having scaly, rough bark, should in this month, 

 if not done in the former, be brushed over with a mixture of cow- 

 dung and urine, as directed in page 531. 



THE VINEYARD. 



Pruning of Tines. 



The pruning of grape-vines at this season, will answer extremely 

 well in the southern states, and ought to be duly attended toj but 

 the severity of the frosts in the middle and eastern states, renders 

 it more prudent to defer this work to the latter end of February, or 

 if the season proves late, the first week in March; but upon no ac- 

 count should you delay it longer: indeed upon the whole, the late 

 February pruning will be the safest. In the city and neighbourhood 

 of Philadelphia, vines that were pruned on the first and second 

 days of March, 1805, wept copiously a few days after, but some 

 cold weather ensuing, they stopped bleeding; this shows the neces- 

 sity of pruning in February, especially in warm situations or ex- 

 posures. 



Those who prefer pruning their vines at this time, as well as 

 those who from the temperateness of their climate ought to do it, 

 will find the necessary instructions in page 146, &c. 



Winter dressing of Vines. 



You should now plough between the rows of vines in your vine- 

 yard where practicable, having first tied up all the trailing runners 

 to the stakes; observing to lay up the earth as much as possible to 

 the stems of the vines: to effect this the better, the ground must 

 be cross-ploughed. The one and tioo year old plants will particu- 

 larly require this earthing; and after the ploughing is finished, the 

 earth should be drawn up around them with a hoe, the better to 

 preserve the lower parts of the stems with the buds from alternate 

 freezing and thawing, which is much more injurious to them than a 

 continued frost. In this state they are to remain till the proper 

 time for pruning in spring, when the earth is to be drawn from 

 around them, and the plants dressed as directed in page 147. 



When the ground docs not admit of this culture with the plough, 

 it should be given with the spade and hoe, as it is of considerable 

 importance, not only to protect the plants, but to destroy weeds, 

 and meliorate the soil, by throwing it up loosely to the influence 

 of the frost and weather. A dressing of manure, where wanted, 

 should be given previous to the ploughing, &c. 



This is a very proper period to manure, trench, or plough the 



