Nov.] THE NURSERY. 5(J5 



ground which you intend to plant with "rape-vines next spring, as 

 observed in page 243, leaving it as rough and high as possible. 



In the southern states, vineyards may now be planted, vines 

 pruned and propagated by layers and cuttings, and every thing else 

 done to that way, as directed in March for the middle and eastern 

 states. 



THE NURSERY. 



Transplanting. 



All the principal nursery transplanting should be finished as 

 early in this month as possible, in order that the plants may have 

 time to push out new fibres before the frosts set in; for when plant- 

 ed at a late period, they seldom put out fibres before spring, and 

 have to live principally on their own substance during winter, which 

 greatly weakens them. However, where that cannot be conve- 

 niently done, and that necessity requires it, you may continue to 

 transplant all kinds of hardy trees and shrubs while the ground 

 continues open. 



Protecting Seedlings and Tender Plants. 



In the early part of the month you should sift some dry, fresh 

 earth over the seedling pines, arising from the seed sown last 

 spring, so as to nearly reach the foliage, in order to protect their 

 yet tender stems from the inclemency of the approaching season; 

 and immediately on the setting in of hard frost, spread some dry 

 straw, fern, leaves of trees, or other light covering, thinly over the 

 beds, to aft'ord additional protection, and in some measure to pre- 

 vent the frost from entering the ground as deep as it otherwise 

 might; for, without the above care, many of the plants would be 

 spewed up by the frost, and most of them be destroyed by the dry 

 parching winds of the ensuing spring. Observe that the covering 

 must be light, or that it be supported above the plants by some 

 means, or a serious injury may accrue by its rotting the foliage, &c. 



The top covering is not necessary except when the winter frosts 

 are severe; but sifting earth between and among the plants, so as 

 nearly to come up to the leaves, will be of use in every climate and 

 country; and not only to pine and fir seedlings, but to every other 

 sort that are subject from their diminutive first year's growth to be 

 thrown out of the earth by frost, or injured by drought. 



Any kind of seedlings that are rather tender should have hoop 

 arches made over the beds, and on the approach of severe frosts, 

 thick mats, &c. laid on these for the protection of the plants. 



All hardy plants in pots should now be removed to where they 

 can have sufficient protection in severe weather; for if left fully 



