INDEX 



Forbes, James David, proves that 

 radiant heat and light conform to 

 the same laws, 223, 225. 



Forster, George, his remarkable cli- 

 matic observations, 176. 



Forster, Thomas, his theory of aero- 

 lites, 161. 



Foucault, Leon, his experiments to 

 prove the undulatory nature of 

 light, 222. 



Fourcroy, Antoine Frat^ois, aids La- 

 voisier in the development of a 

 new chemistry, 32. 



Frankland, Edward, discovers the 

 difference in combining power of 

 different atoms, which leads to the 

 law of valency, 271. 



Franklin, Benjamin, tries to account 

 for evaporation, 168. 



Fraunhofer, Joseph, perfects the re- 

 fracting telescope and invents the 

 heliometer, 65 ; suggests the im- 

 provement of the spectroscope, 70. 



Fresnel, Augustin Jean, his investi- 

 gations of the phenomena of light, 

 200-204, 225. 



Fritsch, Gustav, his researches relat- 

 ing to brain localization, 420. 



Frommann, Professor, his theory of 

 cell formation, 454. 



Fuhlrott, Dr., his discovery of the 

 Neanderthal skull, 110. 



GALL, FRANZ JOSEPH, originates the 

 system of phrenology, 399, 400, 423. 



Gafle, Johann Gottfried, directed by 

 Leverrier, discovers Neptune, 49. 



Galvani, Luigi, and the invention and 

 application of the galvanic battery, 

 27, 28. 



Galvanic battery, the far-reaching 

 effects of its invention, 27-29. 



Galvanism, its discovery and far-reach- 

 ing effects, 27-29; its kinship to 

 electricity demonstrated, 204-206. 



Gauss, Karl Friedrick, his first test 

 of the electric telegraph, 207. 



Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, his experi- 

 ments with gases, which lead to the 

 discovery of the molecule, 256- 

 258 ; his discovery of cyanogen, 

 266, 267. 



Geology, its ghostly character in the 



eighteenth century, 17-19; Hutton 

 labors to systematize the science, 

 but his Theory of the Earth is pro- 

 nounced heretical, 19-23 ; William 

 Smith's first geological map of 

 England, 90 ; progress of the sci- 

 ence during the nineteenth century, 

 123-156 ; controversy between the 

 Neptunists and the Plutonists re- 

 garding terrestrial phenomena, and 

 the establishment of the theory of 

 the latter, 123-125; discussion re- 

 garding the changes in land sur- 

 faces, whether cataclysmic or 

 gradual, 125-130; establishment 

 of the glacial theory, 130-136; 

 study of the earth's strata, and 

 their classification, 136-145; con- 

 sideration of the evidence which 

 shows the age and growth of moun- 

 tains and continents, 145-150 ; evi- 

 dences of the ^glacial epoch, 150, 

 153; reasons for believing in the 

 gradual diminution of changes in 

 the surface of the earth owing to 

 its refrigeration, 153-156. 



Gerhardt, Charles Fiederic, working in 

 the field of organic chemistry, 266- 

 268 ; revives Avogadro's law, 269. 



Gerlach's histological scheme of the 

 brain, 428. 



Germ theory, Pasteur's and Tyndall's 

 advocacy of, 320, 386. 



Gill, David, photographs a comet, 79. 



Glacial theory, the establishment of, 

 130-136 ; the work of the ice-sheet 

 in New England, 150. 



Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, his 

 doctrine of the metamorphoses of 

 parts, 36, 102, 288-291. 



Golgi, Camille, t his method of stain- 

 ing nerve cells and their processes, 

 429, 430. 



Gravitation, its cause an unsolved 

 problem, 443-446. 



Gray, Asa, an ardent propagandist of 

 the Darwinian theory, 313. 



Gulf Stream, the, speculations as to 

 its effect on climate, 178-181, 182. 



HADLEY, JOHN, his explanation of the 



trade-winds, 178. 

 Haeckel. Ernst Heinrich. an enthusi- 



2G 



465 



