INDEX 



Smith, William, " the father of Eng- 

 lish geology," his paleontological 

 discoveries and his deductions 

 therefrom, 89-91 ; his study of 

 strata as a key to the earth's chro- 

 nology, 137, 138. 



South, James, aids John Herschel in 

 his investigation of double stars, 64. 



Spallanzani, Abbe, discovers the proc- 

 esses of digestion, 39, 347 ; his ex- 

 periments on respiration, 40. 



Special creation, discussions relating 

 to the hypothesis of, 91-97, 104, 

 105, 297-302. 



Spectroscope, its perfection by Kirch- 

 hoff and Bunsen, and its solar and 

 sidereal analyses, 70-76, 283, 284 ; 

 its necromantic power, 76 ; its 

 application to nebulae, 80. 



Spectrum analysis, its remarkable dis- 

 closures, 70-76, 283-287. 



Spencer, Herbert, advocates the Dar- 

 winian theory, 313, 316 ; favors the 

 Lamarckian conception of the ori- 

 gin of favored species, 318; his 

 theoretical study of psychology, 415. 



Spontaneous generation, Pouchet's 

 hypothesis of, 320. 



Spurzheim, Kaspar, advocates phre- 

 nology, 400. 



Stars, double or multiple stars, and 

 star clusters, the investigations of 

 the nineteenth century relating to, 

 60-76. 



"Statistical method," the, its intro- 

 duction into medical practice, 360. 



Stethoscope,its invention and improve- 

 ment, 356, 359. 



Storm-centre, description of, 186, 189. 



Struve, F. G. W., his discovery of 

 double stars, 64 ; solves the prob- 

 lem of star distance, 66. 



Sun, the, its elements discovered by 

 spectrum analysis, 70-72 ; Helm- 

 holtz's theory of solar energy, 74 ; 

 some unsolved problems regarding, 

 435_442 ; estimate as to its heat- 

 giving life, 438. 



Sun-spots, effects of, 166. 



TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE, his measure- 

 ment of the free path of molecules, 

 247. 



Talbot, William Henry Fox, his ser- 

 vices in the perfection of photog- 

 raphy, 285. 



Temperature, the. absolute zero of, 

 250. 



Tetanus, the serum treatment for, 392. 

 Theory of the Earth, James Hut- 

 ton's, 20-23. 



Thermo-dynamics, and how the sci- 

 ence originated, 223, 224. 



Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rum- 

 ford), his vibratory theory of heat, 

 26, 27 ; he proves the transforma- 

 tion of labor into heat, 210. 



Thomson, Thomas, advocates Dalton's 

 atomic theory, 259. 



Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), his 

 estimate of the earth's longevity, 

 74, 154, 441 ; aids Joule in estab- 

 lishing the doctrine of the conser- 

 vation of energy, 218-223, 225; 

 his doctrine of the dissipation of 

 energy, 223, 224 ; his studies in 

 thermo-dynamics, 223, 224, 227; 

 his calculation of the probable den- 

 sity and rigidity of ether, 235 ; his 

 conception of the vortex theory of 

 atoms, and his verifying experi- 

 ments, 238-240; calculates the 

 dimensions of a molecule, 244, 

 245 ; refuses to recognize any re- 

 pulsive power in molecules, 246 ; 

 his estimate of the heat-giving life 

 of the sun, 438, 



Titanotheres, or Brontotheridce, evolu- 

 tion of, 121. 



Tournal, M., his discovery of human 

 fossils in the south of France, 111. 



Toxine and antitoxine, their discovery 

 and introduction, 390-394. 



Trade-winds, study of their origin 

 and effects, 177, 178, 182. 



Transmutation of species, doctrine of, 

 105-108, 293-297, 302-310, 317- 

 320. 



Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold, his 

 theory of the transmutation of 

 species published the same year in 

 which Lamarck's first appeared, 

 398; foreshadows the cell theory, 



Trichina spiralis, its discovery, 363- 

 365. 



473 



