112 MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVES. 



as to mostly exclude the rain ; in S. psittacina (Fig. 227) the 



inflexed and inflated hood completely excludes it. The water 

 which these contain is undoubtedly a secretion. 

 All entrap flies, ants, and various insects, which 

 in most species are lured into the pitcher by a 

 sweetish secretion around or at some part of the 

 orifice. 1 Few that have entered ever escape ; 

 most are decomposed at the bottom of the cavity. 

 In Darlingtonia Californica (Fig. 228) , the Cali- 

 fornian representative of Sarracenia, the inflated 

 hood guards against all access of rain, while the 

 orifice is freely open to flying insects from be- 

 neath ; and a singular two-forked appendage, like 

 to a fish-tail (probably the homologUe of the 

 blade) , overhangs the front. The inner face of 

 this appendage is besmeared with the sweet and 

 viscid secretion which allures insects to the open- 

 ing. In this and in Sarracenia variolaris, the 

 sweet secretion in the early season is continued 

 upon the edge of the wing, forming a saccharine 

 trail which leads from near the ground up to the 

 orifice of the pitcher. 2 Fig. 220 represents pitchers 

 of Heliamphora, a little-known South American 

 representative of Sarracenia. Its wing is narrow 

 and inconspicuous, the mouth widely open and 

 directed upward, and the hood reduced to a 

 minute and upright, probably functionless ap- 

 pendage. In Cephalotus an anomalous plant 



of Australia, of uncertain affi- 

 nity the leaves for foliage 



are dilated phyllodia ; among 



them are others completely 



transformed into stalked and 



short pitchers, with thickened 



rim and a well-fitting lid, 



hinged by one edge, Fig. 229. 



The particular morphology of the parts is not well made out. 



1 This sweet secretion, which at times is very obvious in the southern 

 species, has also been detected by Mr. Edward Burgess in S. purpurea ; but 

 it is rarely seen, and probably plays no important part in the capture and 

 drowning of the multitude of insects which these pitchers are apt to contain. 



2 This trail was discovered by Dr. J. H. Mellichamp, of South Carolina. 

 See Proc. Am. Association for Advancement of Science, xxiii. 113 (1871). 



FIG. 226. Pitcher of Sarracenia variolaria. 227. Same of S. psittacina. 



