204 



THE FLOWER. 



are called glands, alternate with the phalanges, and so are taken 

 to represent the outer circle of stamens. The morphologist 

 accordingly sees in the glands the homologues or representatives 

 of the outer series of stamens, reduced to three by abortion, and 

 in the three stamen-clusters only the three alternating stamens 

 of the inner series, trebled by chorisis, and this chorisis incom- 

 plete, because it has not quite divided the filament into three. 

 In Hypericum, the glands are completely suppressed, each pha- 

 lanx is almost or quite divided into a cluster, either of about 

 three stamens each, as in H. Sarothra, or of a few more (in H. 

 mutilum and H. Canadense), or of an indefinite number, as in 

 the common St. Johnsworts. Then in some other species (as 

 in our H. pjTamidatum) the carpels and the stamen-clusters rise 

 to five, realizing complete pentamerous symmetry, except that 

 the almost numberless stamens all belong to the one inner circle. 

 Morphologically, they are comparable to the leaflets of five (or 

 in most species three) 

 decompound and ses- 

 sile or almost sessile 

 leaves. The indefinitely 

 numerous stamens of 

 Ricinus are similarly 

 increased from five by 

 compound ramification. 

 377. Fumariacese, the 

 Fumitory family, may 

 furnish the next illus- 

 tration. The flower is 

 on the plan of two 

 (dimerous) throughout. 



Taking Dicentra to show it, there is first a pair of small and 

 scale-shaped sepals, not unlike the pair of bractlets on the 



PIG. 388. Dicentra Cucullaria (Dutchman's Breeches), a scape in flower and a leaf, 

 severed from the singular bulb (formed of the enlarged bases of petioles). 389. Detached 

 flower, of natural size, showing also the pair of bractlets on the pedicel. 390. Same 

 with parts displayed, and 391, inner petals placed above. 392. Diagram of flower of 

 Dicentra or Adlumia, from a section across the summit. 393. One of the phalanges of 

 stamens of Adlumia ; upper part only- , 



