254 THE FLOWER. 



465. The connective may be appendaged either by a prolon- 

 gation or otherwise from the tip (as in Fig. 499), or from the 

 back, as in Violets and in many Ericaceous plants. 



466. The normal anther is two-celled, bilocidar, or (to use 

 a less common term) dithecous, and its lobes or cells parallel, 

 right and left ; but the cells at first, and sometimes at maturity, 

 are bilocellate, that is each is divided into two by a partition 

 which stretches from the connective to the suture or line of 



dehiscence. In an 

 innate anther, and 

 in many others, this 

 line of dehiscence is 

 marginal or lateral, 

 either strictly or 



"an" ' ste' nearly so, as in 



Fig. 500. When introrse or extrorse (as in Fig. 501, 502), 

 the sutures ma} 7 still be considered to represent the margins 

 turned inward or outward. The pollen is accordingly pro- 

 duced in four cavities or separate portions of the interior. But 

 ihe two locelli on the same side of the midrib or connective 

 (right and left) are usually confluent into one pollen-filled cavity 

 or cell at maturity if not earlier, or at least the partition between 

 them breaks up at dehiscence. Sometimes it remains, and, the 

 groove at the sutures being deep, the anther is strongly four- 

 lobed or quadrilocular at maturity, as in Menispermum (Fig. 

 504) ; but morphologically this is still only bilocular (dithecous) 

 although quadrilocellate, and the anther opens at the sutures 

 and through these partitions. 



467. A stamen being the homologue of a leaf, the natural 

 supposition is that the anther is homologous with the blade or 

 an apical portion of the blade, therefore the two lobes or thecae 

 with the right and left halves of it, the intervening connective 

 with th'e midrib, and the line of dehiscence with the leaf-mar- 

 gins. 1 This conception is exemplified by the accompanying 



1 This is the view long ago taken by Cassini and Keeper, and it may still 

 be maintained as the best morphological conception. Mohl interposed some 

 objections to its universality ; but, as presented in Sachs's Text-Book, they 

 are not incompatible with the common morphology. Sachs takes the fila- 

 ment with the connective to be the homologue of the whole leaf, and the 

 anther-cells as appendages. Others, in likening the anthers to glands, adopt 

 a similar view. 



FIG. 500. Innate anther, same as Fig. 496, in younger state, with transverse section, 

 bowing the four locelli. 501. Same of an adnate extrorse anther, such as Fig. 497. 

 502. Same as the preceding but mature and dehiscent, the two locelli becoming one cell 

 by the vanishing or breaking up of the partition. 



