NOMENCLATURE. 357 



have substantive names. Designations, however, are conven- 

 ient for lower sections ; and the name of a leading species 

 may be used, in the plural ; as Aster, section Amelli, and sect. 

 Goncinni. Subgenera need not agree in gender with the genus 

 they belong to. When written with the name of the plant, 

 the subgeneric name is parenthetically inserted between the 

 generic and specific appellation. Ex. Pyrus (Mains) coronaria. 



726. Names of Tribes, Orders, &c. The names of all groups 

 superior to genera are adjectives plural, and with few excep- 

 tions are the names of genera lengthened by some adjective 

 termination. Ex. From Rosa, Rosece, Rosacece, Resales; from 

 Myrtus, Myrtece, Myrtacece, Myrtales ; from Berberis, Berberidece ; 

 from Tamarix, Tamaridnece ; from Salix, Salicece, Salicinece. 

 The substantive Plantce being understood, the groups are Rose- 

 ous, or Rosaceous, or Rosal plants, &c. 



727. Tribal Names, and names of whatever grade between gen- 

 era and orders, are formed by adding to the root of a generic 

 name a final -ece. Ex. Rosece, Phaseolece, Antirrhinece, Oxalidece, 

 &c. Some subtribes take the name of the tribe with the prefix 

 Ea, as Euphaseolece for that subtribe of the tribe Phaseoleae 

 which comprises the representative genus Phaseolus. Tribal 

 names may take the same prefix, as Euccesalpinece for the tribe 

 of the suborder Csesalpinese which contains the typical genus 

 Caesalpinia. 



728. Ordinal Names are formed in the same way, but with a 

 preference for certain terminations which may denote their rank, 

 especially that of -acece, as Rosacece, Myrtacece, Cucurbitacece, 

 meaning Rosaceous, Myrtaceous, and Cucurbitaceous plants. 



729. The names of what we now call natural orders, as 

 sketched or adopted by Linnaeus, were mostly descriptive, such 

 as Ensatce, Spathacecs, Coronarice, Papilionacece , Coniferce, Amen- 

 tacece, Umbellatce ; but a few took their names from genera, as 

 Orchidece, Liliacece. Jussieu, with whom the sj^stem of natural 

 orders properly began, had no suborders, tribes, or any such gra- 

 dation of groups to deal with. His one hundred ordinal names 

 are some of them of the descriptive kind, as several of the above, 

 also Leguminosce, Corymbiferos, &c. But the greater part are 

 simply plurals of generic names, such as Asparagi, Junci, Lilia, 

 Musce, Orchides, Lauri, Convolvuli, Ericce, Acera, Cacti. To a 

 few was given the lengthened termination in -ece, as Polygonece, 

 Solanece, Berberidece, Caryophylleos ; to some, the termination in 

 -acece, as in Cichoracece, Campanulacece, Rubiacece, Ranuncu- 

 lacece, Malvacece, Tiliacece, Cucurbitacece. Subsequent authors 

 have necessarily changed all names which were plurals of gen- 



