358 PHYTOGRAPHY. 



era ; and the strongly prevalent tendency has been to give the 

 termination in -acea to all such ordinal names, and to restrict 

 this termination to orders. Lindley insisted upon making this 

 an absolute rule even for names not formed from generic appel- 

 lations ; but this will not be adopted. 



730. In the first place, several large orders which have been 

 known from the first by such characteristic names as Crucifera, 

 Leguminosa (and its suborder Papilionacea) , Gutttfera, UmbeUi- 

 fera, Composites, Labiates, Cupuliferce, and Gonifera, also Palmece 

 and Graminea, Filices, and even Aroidea and Ficoidea, will retain 

 these appellations ; but no new ones of the kind will be made. 



731. Also, names formed from genera which do not well take 

 the termination in -acea may be allowed as orders to retain their 

 natural form in -inece, -idea, -ariece, and the like. Ex. Tamaris- 

 cinea, Salicinea, Scrophularinea, Berberidea, Lentibulariea. We 

 may prefer for the sake of uniformity to write Salicacea, Berberi- 

 dacea, Lentibulariacece, and Scrophulariacea (as we should write 

 Violacea) , but this form cannot be insisted on. On the other 



hand, a termination in -acece has been allowed in the names of 

 certain tribes to avoid excessive iteration of vowels. Thus, for 

 the tribe of which Vernonia is the leading genus, authors write 

 Vernoniacea, to avoid Vernoniece, which ends with four vowels. 

 Spiraea and Staphylea are the types of tribes, for which the names, 

 if they followed the rule, would be Spirceece and Staphyleea, 

 ending one in five the other in four consecutive vowels. Some 

 avoid this by writing Staphyleacea and Spiraacea. Others write 

 Staphylea, but this is only the plural of the generic name. 



732. A few orders or other groups took their names long 

 ago from superseded generic names. Ex. Caryophyllacea or 

 Garyophyllea, Onagracea or Onagrariea, and Lentibulariea. 



733. Names of Cohorts are distinguished by the termination 

 in -ales. This was proposed by Lindley, and is adopted by 



.Bentham and Hooker in the Genera Plantarum. Ex. Ranales, 

 Parietales, Malvales, Resales, Passijlorales, &c., most of them 

 founded on the names of representative genera and orders. 

 Euphony requires some to take other terminations. Ex. Poly- 

 galina, Caryophyllina. 



734. Names of Classes and other great divisions are plurals, 

 either adjective or adjective nouns, expressive of the leading 

 character. Ex. Polypetala, Gamopetala, Apetala ; Angiosperma 

 and Gymnosperma ; Dicotyledones and Monocotyledones. The 

 names of the two great series or sub-kingdoms, following the 

 analogy of the Linnaean classes, end in -ia, and are Phanogamia, 

 or Phanerogamia, and Gryptogamia. 



